Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus
Archibald Douglas | |
|---|---|
| Earl of Angus | |
 Archibald 'Bell-the-Cat' depicted as a notable figure in Scottish history by the Victorian artist William Hole | |
| Predecessor | George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus |
| Successor | Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus |
| Born | 1449 |
| Died | October 1513 Whithorn |
| Buried | Whithorn Priory[1] |
| Father | George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus |
| Mother | Isabella Sibbald |
Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus (1449 – October 1513), was a late medieval Scottish magnate. He became known as "Bell the Cat". He became the most powerful nobleman in the realm through a successful rebellion and established his family as the most important in the kingdom.
Life
Angus, born about 1449 at Tantallon Castle in East Lothian, succeeded his father, George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, in 1462 or 1463 at the age of just fourteen.
In 1481, Angus became Warden of the East March, but the next year he joined the league against James III and his favourite, Robert Cochrane, at Lauder. Here he is said to have earned his nickname by offering to "bell the cat"—specifically, to deal with Cochrane—beginning the attack upon him by pulling his gold chain off his neck, and then ordering the hanging of Cochrane and others of the king's favourites from Lauder old bridge (the site of which is in the grounds of Thirlestane Castle). The earliest written source for the story is in David Hume of Godscroft, the Douglas family biographer.[2] The phrase "to bell the cat" comes from the fable "The Mice in Council", erroneously ascribed to Aesop, and refers to a dangerous task undertaken for the benefit of all.
Subsequently he joined Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, in league with Edward IV of England on 11 February 1483, signing the convention at Westminster which acknowledged the overlordship of the English king. However, in March Albany and Angus returned, outwardly at least, to their allegiance, and received pardons for their treason.
After a period of peace between them, Angus and the king again started to quarrel. Angus now decided to rebel against the king. Having the support of the Scottish nobility this time, he marched against James III and they fought the Battle of Sauchieburn during which the king was killed.
Angus became one of the guardians of the young king James IV. but soon lost influence, to the Homes and Hepburns, and the wardenship of the marches went to Alexander Home. Though outwardly on good terms with James, Angus treacherously made a treaty with Henry VII around 1489 or 1491, by which he undertook to govern his relations with James according to instructions from England. He also agreed to hand over Hermitage Castle, commanding the pass through Liddesdale into Scotland, on the condition of receiving English estates in compensation.
In October 1491 he fortified his castle of Tantallon against James, but had to submit and to exchange his Liddesdale estate and Hermitage Castle for the lordship of Bothwell.
In 1493 Angus again returned to favour, receiving various grants of lands. He became Chancellor, which office he retained till 1498. In June 1497 he opened talks for the surrender of Perkin Warbeck at 'Jenyn Haugh'.[3] In 1501, in disgrace once more, he was confined to Dumbarton Castle. At the disaster at Flodden Field in 1513, though absent himself, Angus lost his two eldest sons. As the Scottish nation licked its wounds, Angus won appointment as one of the councilors of Margaret Tudor the queen regent; but the newly appointed councilor died at the end of October 1513.[4] His successor to the Earldom of Angus was his grandson, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus.
Marriages and children
Angus married twice:[4]
- On 4 March 1468: Elizabeth (d. 1498), daughter of Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd[4]
- In the summer of 1500: Katherine Stirling, daughter of Sir William Stirling of Keir[4]
Janet, daughter of John Kennedy, 2nd Lord Kennedy, was one of his mistresses.[4]
Children by first marriage
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| George Douglas, Master of Angus | 1469 | 9 September 1513 | married in March 1488, Lady Elizabeth Drummond; had issue, killed at the Battle of Flodden |
| Lady Mariot Douglas | 1470 | married Cuthbert Cunningham, 2nd Earl of Glencairn; had issue | |
| Sir William Douglas | 1471 | 9 September 1513 | married Lady Elizabeth Auchinleck; had issue, killed at the Battle of Flodden |
| Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld | c.1476[4] | ||
| Lady Elizabeth Douglas | 1474 | ||
| Sir Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie | c.1490[4] | c.1540 | Given the nickname Greysteil by James V |
| Lady Janet Douglas | 1476 |
Notes
- ^ Angus's heart was removed and is buried at St Bride's Kirk, Douglas. Fraser vol ii p106 & p608
- ^ Tom Betteridge (11 October 2002). Sodomy in Early Modern Europe. Manchester University Press. p. 145 note 47. ISBN 978-0-7190-6115-8.
- ^ Bain, Joseph, ed., Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, 1357-1509, vol. 4, HM Register House, Edinburgh (1888), 329
- ^ a b c d e f g Norman Macdougall, ‘Douglas, Archibald , fifth earl of Angus (c.1449–1513)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
References
- Fraser, Sir William, The Douglas Book IV vols. Edinburgh. 1885
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Angus, Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
| [Known] 10th-century mormaers | |
|---|---|
| [Known] Mormaers from the Angus and Umfraville line | |
| Earls from the Stewart line | |
| Earls from the Douglas line | |
| As a subsidiary title | |
