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[[File:Augite-54563.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Euhedral crystal of augite from [[Teide]] (4.4 x 3.0 x 2.3 cm)]] |
[[File:Augite-54563.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Euhedral crystal of augite from [[Teide]] (4.4 x 3.0 x 2.3 cm)]] |
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Augite is a [[solid solution]] in the [[pyroxene]] group. [[Diopside]] and [[hedenbergite]] are important endmembers in augite, but augite can also contain significant [[aluminium]], [[titanium]], and [[sodium]] and other elements. The calcium content of augite is limited by a miscibility gap between it and [[pigeonite]] and [[orthopyroxene]]: when occurring with either of these other pyroxenes, the calcium content of augite is a function of temperature and pressure, but mostly of temperature, and so can be useful in reconstructing temperature histories of rocks. With declining temperature, augite may exsolve lamellae of pigeonite and/or orthopyroxene. There is also a miscibility gap between augite and [[omphacite]], but this gap occurs at lower temperature and is not well understood. |
Augite is a [[solid solution]] in the [[pyroxene]] group. [[Diopside]] and [[hedenbergite]] are important endmembers in augite, but augite can also contain significant [[aluminium]], [[titanium]], and [[sodium]] and other elements. The calcium content of augite is limited by a miscibility gap between it and [[pigeonite]] and [[orthopyroxene]]: when occurring with either of these other pyroxenes, the calcium content of augite is a function of temperature and pressure, but mostly of temperature, and so can be useful in reconstructing temperature histories of rocks. With declining temperature, augite may exsolve lamellae of pigeonite and/or orthopyroxene. There is also a miscibility gap between augite and [[omphacite]], but this gap occurs at lower temperature and is not well understood. |
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==Locations== |
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It's an essential mineral in [[mafic]] [[igneous rock]]s; for example, [[gabbro]] and [[basalt]] and common in [[ultramafic]] rocks. It also occurs in relatively high-temperature [[metamorphic rock]]s such as mafic [[granulite]] and metamorphosed iron formations. It commonly occurs in association with [[orthoclase]], [[sanidine]], [[labradorite]], [[olivine]], [[leucite]], [[amphibole]]s and other pyroxenes.<ref name=HBM/> |
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Occasional specimens have a shiny appearance that give rise to the mineral's name, which is from the Greek ''augites'', meaning "brightness", although ordinary specimens have a dull (dark green, brown or black) luster. It was named by [[Abraham Gottlob Werner]] in 1792.<ref name=Mindat/> |
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Transparent augites containing [[Dendrite (crystal)|dendritic]] patterns are used as gems and ornamental stones known as ''shajar'' in parts of India. It is found near the [[Ken River]].<ref name=b>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ixhJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Shazar%22+stone&dq=%22Shazar%22+stone&hl=en&ei=eHLDTseyCsKA8wPqqqzxCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y] Handmade in India: |
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A Geographic Encyclopedia of India Handicrafts</ref> Local jewelers export raw shajar stone and items to different parts of India. [[Banda, India|Banda]] is one city noted for trade of shazar stone.<ref name=a>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=W3PDTp_RE5DA8QPRk-mlCw&ct=result&id=b05mAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Shazar%22+stone+-zalman+-israel+-palestine&q=%22Shazar%22+#search_anchor] The journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Volume 59</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 16:52, 28 February 2012
| Augite | |
|---|---|
 Augite - Muhavura volcano | |
| General | |
| Category | Silicate mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| Strunz classification | 9.DA.15 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Space group | Monoclinic prismatic H-M symbol: (2/m) Space group: C 2/c |
| Unit cell | a = 9.699 Å, b = 8.844 Å, c = 5.272 Å; β = 106.97°; Z=4 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Black, brown, greenish, violet-brown; in thin section, colorless to gray with zoning common |
| Crystal habit | Commonly as stubby prismatic crystals, also acicular, skeletal, dendritic |
| Twinning | Simple or multiple on {100} and {001} |
| Cleavage | {110} good with 87° between {110} and {110}; parting on {100} and {010} |
| Fracture | uneven to conchoidal |
| Tenacity | brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 5.5 to 6 |
| Luster | Vitreous, resinous to dull |
| Streak | Greenish-white |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to opaque |
| Specific gravity | 3.19 - 3.56 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.680 - 1.735, nβ = 1.684 - 1.741, nγ = 1.706 - 1.774 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.026 - 0.039 |
| Pleochroism | X = pale green, pale brown, green, greenish yellow; Y = pale brown, pale yellow-green, violet; Z = pale green, grayish green, violet |
| References | [1][2][3] |
Augite is a common rock forming single chain inosilicate mineral with formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6. The crystals are monoclinic and prismatic. Augite has two prominent cleavages, meeting at angles near 90 degrees.
Characteristics
Augite is a solid solution in the pyroxene group. Diopside and hedenbergite are important endmembers in augite, but augite can also contain significant aluminium, titanium, and sodium and other elements. The calcium content of augite is limited by a miscibility gap between it and pigeonite and orthopyroxene: when occurring with either of these other pyroxenes, the calcium content of augite is a function of temperature and pressure, but mostly of temperature, and so can be useful in reconstructing temperature histories of rocks. With declining temperature, augite may exsolve lamellae of pigeonite and/or orthopyroxene. There is also a miscibility gap between augite and omphacite, but this gap occurs at lower temperature and is not well understood.
See also
References
- Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J. (1992). An introduction to the rock-forming minerals (2nd ed.). Harlow: Longman ISBN 0-582-30094-0
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Augite.