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Azotobacter vinelandii

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Azotobacter
Scientific classification
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A. vinelandii
Binomial name
Azotobacter vinelandii

Azotobacter vinelandii is gram-negative diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically. It is a genetically tractable system that is used to study nitrogen fixation. These bacteria are easily cultured and grown.

A. vinelandii is a free-living N2 fixer known to produce many phytohormones and vitamins in soils. It produces fluorescent pyoverdine pigments.[2]

The nitrogenase holoenzyme of Azotobacter vinelandii has been characterised via x-ray crystallography in both ADP tetrafluoroaluminate-bound[3] and MgATP-bound[4] states. The enzyme possesses molybdenum iron-sulfido cluster cofactors (FeMoco) as active sites, each bearing 2 pseudo-cubic iron-sulfido structures.


References

  1. ^ William A. Noyes, ed. (1904). Review of American Chemical Research. Vol. 10. p. 75.
  2. ^ Menhart, N., Thariath, A., Viswanatha, T. (1991) Characterization of the pyoverdines of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837 with regard to heterogeneity. Biology of Metals 4(4):223-32
  3. ^ Schindelin, H., Kisker, C., Schlessman, J.L., Howard, J.B., Rees, D.C. (1997) Structure of ADP x AIF4(-)-stabilized nitrogenase complex and its implications for signal transduction. Nature 387: 370-376
  4. ^ Chiu, H., Peters, J.W., Lanzilotta, W.N., Ryle, M.J., Seefeldt, L.C., Howard, J.B., Rees, D.C. (2001) MgATP-Bound and nucleotide-free structures of a nitrogenase protein complex between the Leu 127 Delta-Fe-protein and the MoFe-protein. Biochemistry 40: 641-650