Banded demoiselle

Banded demoiselle
	Male, metallic blue
	Female, metallic green
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Odonata
Suborder:	Zygoptera
Family:	Calopterygidae
Genus:	Calopteryx
Species:	C. splendens
Binomial name
	Calopteryx splendens; (Harris, 1780)

The banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) is a species of damselfly belonging to the family Calopterygidae. It is often found along slow-flowing streams and rivers. It is a Eurasian species occurring from the Atlantic coast eastwards to Lake Baikal and northwestern China.^[2]

This is a common species throughout much of its range.^[3]

Description

This is a large damselfly with a total length of up to 48 millimetres (1.9 in) and a hindwing length of up to 36 millimetres (1.4 in).

Male and female are variable in color and pattern. The male has translucent wings which each have a broad, dark iridescent blue-black spot (or band) across the outer part. On immature dragonflies the spot is dark brown. The body can be a metallic blue or bluish green or a combination of both colours, depending on the time of year and location.

The dark wing patch of the male starts at the nodus (the slight dip midway down the upper edge of the wing) but can reach up to the wing-tip in southern races.^[2] In the very similar beautiful demoiselle (Calopteryx virgo), the dark patch starts before the nodus.

The female has translucent, pale green iridescent wings with a white patch near the tip (a pseudopterostigma), and a metallic green or bronze/green body.

Eggs and larvae

Females can lay up to 10 eggs per minute for 45 minutes. They lay in a wide variety of emergent or floating plants, sometimes even submerging to do so.

The eggs hatch after 14 days. The larvae have very long legs and are stick-shaped. They develop over two years, usually. They tolerate muddy water and overwinter buried in mud. When they are ready to moult into an adult, they climb up a suitable reed or plant and shed their skin.

Habitat

This species lives in many types of freshwater habitat, particularly open running water bodies such as streams and smaller rivers.^[3]

Behaviour

Males are usually territorial, but large numbers can sometimes be found in lush bankside plants and on floating objects. They court females by opening their wings and performing an aerial dance. They are usually found in canals and quiet rivers with muddy bottoms located in open country.^[4]

Range

The banded demoiselle is a Eurasian species, and is present throughout Eurasia from the Atlantic coast to Lake Baikal and north-western China.^[2] It occurs in Taganay and Zyuratkul National Parks of Russia.^[5] It can be found at Fruška Gora in Serbia. It is found throughout the British Isles, except for the Scottish Highlands.^[4]

Gallery

blue-green male
green male
blue male
red eyes of juvenile male
bronze/green female
bronze female
female with no pseudostigmata
Larva
Male Calopteryx splendens
Mating wheel

Footnotes and references

^ The dates 1782 and 1776 have been given in the entomological literature; Hämäläinen (2008) showed that the species was described in 1780
^ ^a ^b ^c Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B. (2006). Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain and Europe. pp. 66–67. ISBN 0-9531399-4-8.
^ ^a ^b Clausnitzer, V. 2009. Calopteryx splendens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 22 January 2016.
^ ^a ^b Brooks & Lewington (2004). Field Guide to the Dragonflies and Damselflies of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing. ISBN 0-9531399-0-5.
^ Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) - Красная Книга Челябинской области: животные, растения, грибы / Министерство по радиационной и экологической безопасности Челябинской области, Ин-т экологии растений и животных УрО РАН. - Екатеринбург: Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2005. - 450 с.: ил.