Barbara Masekela

Barbara Mosima Joyce Masekela (born 18 July 1941) is a South African poet, educator, and activist who has held positions of arts leadership within the African National Congress (ANC).

Early life and education

Barbara Masekela was born on 18 July 1941 in the Alexandra Township of Johannesburg, South Africa. The second of four children born to Pauline and Thomas Masekela, her older brother Hugh Masekela grew up to be an accomplished jazz musician. As an infant, she was sent to live with her grandmother in Witbank (which is now known as EMalahleni). At the age of 10, Barbara returned to Alexandra Township to attend Saint-Michael's Anglican School. Her parents fostered a politically conscious household; from an early age Barbara was knowledgeable about the political climate of South Africa. While attending Inanda Girls’ Seminary in Durban, she had the opportunity to meet many of South African civil rights activists, such as ANC leader Albert Luthuli, which would shape her future political and educational careers. In 1960 Masekela completed her high school education and went on to work at the New Age newspaper.

After six months she enrolled in the Basutoland campus of the University of Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland. After one semester at the university she moved to Ghana to help the newly independent country introduce Western style methods of learning. In February 1963 she contracted tuberculosis; Masekela was then sent to the United Kingdom where she received treatment over the next year. After she was rehabilitated she stayed in the UK for a few months before moving to New York City in 1965, where she enrolled in Fordham University. Her educational career at Fordham University was short-lived; in her Anthropology classes she experienced racism from her professors, who considered non-Western societies to be primitive and uncivilized. Masekela fell ill again and returned to Africa, where she continued her education at the University of Zambia in 1967. During her third year at the University of Zambia she was in a car accident; the resulting injuries forced her to stay with her brother in California until she recuperated. After her injuries had healed she stayed in the United States to finish her BA degree with a major in English from the Ohio State University in 1971. In 1972 she began teaching at Staten Island Community College. In 1973, she moved on to teaching English literature at Rutgers University until 1982. During her time at Rutgers she only took a leave of absence to complete her master's degree in 1976.

Political career

After being away from South Africa for 22 years, Masekela still kept up with and supported her country through the newspapers where African National Congress (ANC) issues were appearing in the headlines almost every day. From the media, Masekela learned about their push for the economic sanctions that would weaken the South African government, and their ever-strengthening ties with the Scandinavian countries, all of which had long been associated with human rights issues. It was noted that Zimbabwe and Mozambique gained independence and were fighting the apartheid system along with South Africa. It was then, in the early 1980s that Masekela joined the anti-apartheid movement and gave speeches and demonstrations in America, giving her the reputation of being a serious activist. In August 1982 Masekela made her trip back to Zambia where she worked as administrative secretary for the ANC on a full-time basis. After only working for the ANC for a year, she was asked to head the ANC’s Department of Arts and Culture, which she accepted.

In 1990, shortly after his release from his 27-year prison term, Nelson Mandela came to the United States and to India to thank everyone who had helped him and the ANC. Masekela was asked to accompany him, to handle arrangements and scheduling, and also to help raise funds and support from students and politicians for the organization in the multiracial, democratic elections that almost certainly lay ahead. Streamlined and efficient, she impressed Mandela so much that he asked her to become the head of staff in his office. In the same year, Masekela gave a speech that made clear the relationship she always claimed between art and the culture of any society, that art in any form expressed the long-term values of a society, whether political, legal, or social.

Masekela was involved in the affairs of the ANC Women's League. She served the South African government at the highest level when on 8 September 2003, she became South Africa's ambassador to the United States. Before she became ambassador she served as an executive director for public and corporate affairs for De Beer Consolidated Mines until March 2003. She previously served as a trustee of the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund and the Nelson Mandela Foundation. Masekela also held various executive and non-executive directorships, including director of the Standard Bank of South Africa, the South African Broadcasting Corporation and the International Marketing Council. She also served as ambassador to France and UNESCO (1995–99).