Laurus nobilis
| Bay Laurel | |
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| Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis) flowers and leaves | |
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| Species: | L. nobilis
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| Binomial name | |
| Laurus nobilis | |
The Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae), also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, or Bay Tree, is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub reaching 10–18 m tall, native to the Mediterranean region.
The leaves are 6–12 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with a characteristic finely serrated and wrinkled margin. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants; each flower is pale yellow-green, about 1 cm diameter, borne in pairs together beside a leaf. The fruit is a small black berry about 1 cm long, containing a single seed.
Uses and symbolism
Bay Laurel is the source of the bay leaves which are used for their flavour in cooking. It was also the source of the laurel wreath of ancient Greece, and therefore the expression of "resting on one's laurels". A wreath of bay laurels was given as the prize at the Pythian Games because the games were in honor of Apollo and the laurel was one of his symbols ever since his unsuccessful persuit of Daphne. In the Bible, the sweet-bay is often an emblem of prosperity and fame. It is also the source of the word baccalaureate (laurel berry), and of poet laureate.
Some evidence from the medical literature supports Bay Laurel having these uses:
- Antioxidative: Fitoterapia. 2003 Sep;74(6):613-6.
- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory: Phytother Res. 2003 Aug;17(7):733-6.
- Anticonvulsant (antiepileptic): Phytomedicine. 2002 Apr;9(3):212-6.
It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in regions with mediterranean or oceanic climates, and as an indoor plant in colder regions.
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Bay Laurel grown in a kitchen for bay leaves -
19th century illustration
Trivia
Bay laurel leaves are used in the design of the 10 yen coin in Japan.
In Greek mythology, the tree was first formed when the nymph Daphne changed into it to escape the pursing Olympian God, Apollo; see Apollo and Daphne.
External links
- MeSH: Laurus - Laurus nobilis (Bay Laurel)
- MeSH: Umbellularia - Umbellularia californica (California Bay Laurel)
- MeSH: 3-oxo-eudesma-1,4(15),11(13)triene-12,6alpha-olide [Substance Name]
- MeSH: anhydroperoxycostunolide [Substance Name]
- MeSH: magnolialide [Substance Name]
- PubMed search: "Laurus"[MAJR]
- PubMed search: "anhydroperoxycostunolide" OR "magnolialide" OR "3-oxo-eudesma-1,4(15),11(13)triene-12,6alpha-olide"
