Censorship of YouTube: Difference between revisions

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-{{Cleanup-list|date=January 2008}}<!-- clear, verifiable, inclusion criteria needed for what blocking means here -->
-{{Refimprove|date=February 2008}}
-[[YouTube]], the second most visited website (according to [[Alexa Internet]]), has been [[censored]] several times in some countries since its inception. These countries include the following: [[Brazil]], the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Indonesia]], [[Iran]], [[Morocco]], [[Pakistan]], [[Tunisia]], [[Turkey]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Syria]], [[Thailand]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]].
-[[Image:YouTube world map.png|thumb|500px|Map showing YouTube blocking status. Countries that still block YouTube are shown in red.]]
-==Worldwide==
-===Windows Live Messenger===
-On May 10 2008, [[Microsoft]] temporarily banned functional [[YouTube]] links from its Live Messenger Service. Microsoft has yet to comment on the blocking. The sending of any functional link starting with either http:// or www. with the string "youtube.com" contained within it will return an error message saying "The following message could not be delivered to all recipients: (original message here)." Coincidentally, or not, Messenger TV, a new video service provided by [[Microsoft]] is to be released the same week.<ref>
-{{cite web
-  | last =
-  | first = Vikrant
-  | authorlink =
-  | coauthors =
-  | title = Microsoft Starts Blocking YouTube Links From Being Shared On MSN And Windows Live Messenger
-  | work = BETA Daily
-  | publisher =
-  | date = 2008-05-10
-  | url = http://www.allocinit.net/blog/2007/08/07/the-actual-list-of-phrases-blocked-by-msn/
-  | format =
-  | doi =
-  | accessdate = 2008-05-10}}
-</ref>
-On [[May 10]] [[2008]] at around 21:30 [[GMT]] [[British Summer Time]] it appears that [[YouTube]] links can now be sent again.
-==By educational institutions==
-{{Expand-section|date=August 2008}}
-===Brigham Young University===
-Some U.S. Colleges are also blocking YouTube access, including [[Brigham Young University]], a private university run by the LDS (Mormon) Church.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}
-==By country==
-===Brazil===
-YouTube is being sued by [[Brazil]]ian model and [[MTV Brasil|MTV]] [[VJ (media personality)|VJ]] [[Daniela Cicarelli]] (better known as [[Ronaldo]]'s ex-fiancée) on the grounds that the site makes available video footage made by a [[paparazzo]] in which she and her boyfriend are having sex on a [[Spain|Spanish]] beach. The lawsuit requires that YouTube be blocked in [[Brazil]] until all copies of the video are removed. On Saturday, January 6, 2007, a legal injunction ordered that filters be put in place to prevent users in Brazil from accessing the website.<ref>[http://www.totalsecurity.com.br/article.php?sid=2768&order=0 Total Security - O Seu Portal de Segurança<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.radiofandango.com.br/archive/valor.php?noticia=3720 Radio Fandango - Cachoeira do sul - À VOZ DA CIDADE<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-The effectiveness of the measure has been questioned, since the video is available not only on YouTube, but also on other sites as part of an [[Internet phenomenon]].  On Tuesday, January 9, 2007, the same court overturned their previous decision, ordering the filters removed, although the footage itself remained forbidden, but without technical support for its blockage.<ref>[http://tecnologia.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI1337815-EI4802,00.html Justiça determina liberação do YouTube - Terra - Internet<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> After the banning of YouTube in Brazil there has been a website called [http://www.brtube.com brtube.com] as an unofficial replacement for YouTube in Brazil.
-=== Indonesia ===
-On April 1, 2008, [[Indonesia]]n information minister, [[Muhammad Nuh]], wrote to YouTube asking them to remove a controversial [[Netherlands|Dutch]] film, [[Fitna (film)|Fitna]], made by Dutch right-wing politician, [[Geert Wilders]]. The Indonesian government allowed two days for the removal of the video, or YouTube would be blocked in Indonesia. On April 4, 2008, Muhammad Nuh asked all [[Internet providers]] to block the access to YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/technology/tech-dutch-islam-indonesia.html?_r=1&ex=1364875200&en=8195160f171b70fb&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&oref=slogin | title = Indonesia Seeks to Block YouTube Over Anti-Koran Film | date = [[April 2]], [[2008]] | accessdate = 2008-04-03 | work = [[New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.detikinet.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2008/bulan/04/tgl/04/time/144822/idnews/918422/idkanal/399 | title =  Menkominfo 'Ultimatum' ISP Blokir YouTube  | date = [[April 4]], [[2008]] | accessdate = 2008-04-04 | work = detik.com | language = [[Indonesian language]]}}</ref> On [[April 5]], [[2008]], YouTube was blocked for testing by one ISP.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://detikinet.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2008/bulan/04/tgl/05/time/135716/idnews/918790/idkanal/399 | title =   YouTube Terblokir karena 'Ulah' Satu ISP  | date = [[April 5]], [[2008]] | accessdate = 2008-04-04 | work = detik.com | language = [[Indonesian language]]}}</ref> Finally, on [[April 8]], YouTube, along with [[MySpace]], [[Metacafe]], [[Rapidshare]], [[Multiply]], [[Liveleak]] and Fitna's official site, were blocked in Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.detikinet.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2008/bulan/04/tgl/08/time/112559/idnews/920077/idkanal/399 | title =    Speedy Blokir 7 Situs, Pengusaha Kecil Mulai Menjerit!   | date = [[April 8]], [[2008]] | accessdate = 2008-04-04 | work = detik.com | language = [[Indonesian language]]}}</ref>YouTube's ban was lifted on April 10.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} There may still be some blocking in May 2008 according to local inhabitants.
-===Iran===
-On December 3, 2006, [[Iran]] blocked YouTube, along with several other sites, after declaring them "immoral". The YouTube ban came after a video was posted online that appears to show an Iranian soap opera star having [[sex]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/iran/story/0,,1963166,00.html|title=Censorship fears rise as Iran blocks access to top websites|date=[[November 4]], [[2006]]|accessdate = 2006-12-17}}</ref>
-Although only www.youtube.com is filtered. other server such as ca.youtube.com are open.
-===Morocco===
-On May 25, 2007 the state-owned [[Maroc Telecom]] blocked all access to YouTube.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalvoicesonline.org/2007/05/26/morocco-blocks-access-to-youtube/ |title=''Morocco blocks access to YouTube'' |accessdate=2007-05-27 |format= |work=globalvoicesonline.org }}</ref> There were no reasons given as to why YouTube was blocked, but speculations are that it might have something to do with some posted pro-separatist group [[Polisario]] clips (Polisario being the Western Sahara independence movement) or because of some videos criticizing King [[Mohammed VI]]. The government ban did not concern the other two private internet-providers, [[Wana (Telecommunications)|Wana]] and [[Meditel]]. YouTube became accessible again on May 30, 2007 after ''Maroc Telecom'' unofficially announced that the denied access to the website was a mere "technical glitch".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=22322 |title=''YouTube again accessible via Maroc Telecom'' |accessdate=2007-05-30 |format= |work=rsf.org }}</ref>
-===Pakistan===
-YouTube was blocked in [[Pakistan]] following a decision taken by the [[Pakistan Telecommunication Authority]] on February 22 2007 because of the number of "non-Islamic objectionable videos."<ref>[http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=25889 "Access to YouTube blocked until further notice because of "non-Islamic" videos"], at [[Reporters Without Borders]].</ref> One report specifically names [[Fitna (film)|Fitna]], a controversial Dutch film, as the basis for the block.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7261727.stm Pakistan blocks YouTube website]</ref> Pakistan, an [[Islamic republic]], has ordered its ISPs to block access to YouTube "for containing blasphemous web content/movies."<ref name="YahooNews">[http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/080224/world/denmark_media_islam_pakistan_internet_youtube Pakistan blocks YouTube for '[[Blasphemy law in Pakistan|blasphemous]]' content: officials], Yahoo News</ref>([[Blasphemy law in Pakistan]] calls for life imprisonment or death.) The action effectively blocked YouTube access worldwide for several hours on [[February 24]].<ref name=CNN>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/25/pakistan.youtube/ "Pakistan move knocked out YouTube"], ''[[CNN]]'', [[February 25]], [[2007]]. Retrieved [[March 5]] [[2008]].</ref>
-This follows increasing unrest in Pakistan by [[Islamic extremists]] over the re-printing of the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons]] which depict satirical [[Criticism of Islam]].<ref name="YahooNews"/> However, it has been suggested by some Pakistani vigilante web sites and electoral process watchdog groups that the block was imposed largely to distract viewers from videos alleging vote-rigging by the ruling [[Muttahida Qaumi Movement|MQM]] party in the recently concluded general elections. Allegations of suppressing vote-rigging videos by the [[Musharraf]] administration are also being leveled by Pakistani bloggers, newspapers, media, and Pakistani anti-Musharraf opposition parties.
-On February 26, 2007, the ban was lifted after the website had removed the objectionable content from its servers at the request of the government.<ref name="PAK-ban-lifted">{{cite news | title = Pakistan lifts YouTube ban | url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/27/2173501.htm?section=world | publisher = [[ABC News]] | date = 2007-02-26 | accessdate = 2007-02-26}}</ref>
-===People's Republic of China===
-{{see also|blocking of Wikipedia in Mainland China}}
-As part of the [[Golden Shield]] Internet censoring program, YouTube has been blocked in the [[People's Republic of China]] since October 15, [[2007]]<ref>Schwankert, Steven. [http://www.infoworld.com/article/07/10/18/YouTube-blocked-in-China_1.html "YouTube blocked in China; Flickr, Blogspot restored"], IDG News, October 18, 2007. Retrieved on March 3, 2008</ref>.
-===Saudi Arabia===
-YouTube is accessible in [[Saudi Arabia]], but the page that makes you confirm your date of birth is blocked, preventing the viewing of any YouTube video that is flagged for adults.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}
-===Sudan===
-YouTube was just blocked in Sudan by the Sudanese National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) because YouTube started uploading videos that are bad and that bring bad images. Before that it was accessible and you can make accounts and confirm and everything else. It was just like the YouTube in the United States but is now blocked. It will soon be unblocked, maybe but the date of the unblocking is unknown.
-===Syria===
-YouTube is currently blocked in [[Syria]]. The main ISP in Syria, [[SyriaTel]], claims that it cannot handle the bandwidth costs generated at the moment and will unblock it in the future.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}
-===Thailand===
-In 2006, Thailand blocked access to YouTube for users with Thai I.P addresses. Thai authorities identified 20 offensive videos and demanded that Google remove them before it would allow unblocking of all YouTube content.<ref name=gatekeepers/>
-During the week of March 8, 2007, YouTube was blocked in [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.2bangkok.com/blockedyoutube.shtml|title=YouTube seems blocked in Thailand 2bangkok.com|date=[[March 10]], [[2007]]|accessdate = 2007-03-10}}</ref> Many bloggers believed the reason for the blocking was a posted video of former Prime Minister [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s speech on [[CNN]]. The government did not confirm or provide reasons for the ban, but YouTube was accessible again on March 10 2007.
-On the night of April 3, 2007, YouTube was again blocked in Thailand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://facthai.wordpress.com/2007/04/04/youtube-blocked-again/|title=YouTube Blocked Again|date=[[April 04]], [[2007]]|accessdate = 2007-04-04}}</ref> The government cited a video on the site that it called "insulting" to King [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.co.th/topstories/topstories.php?id=117871|title=For some users, YouTube disappears|date=[[April 04]], [[2007]]|accessdate = 2007-04-04}}</ref> However, the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology claimed that it would unblock YouTube in a few days, after websites containing references to this video are blocked instead of the entire website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bangkokpost.com/News/07Apr2007_news03.php|title=YouTube to help block web access to pages insulting King|date=[[April 07]]}}</ref>  Communications Minister [[Sitthichai Pookaiyaudom]] said, "When they decide to withdraw the clip, we will withdraw the ban."<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Whose Tube? | date=[[2004-04-14]] | publisher= | url =http://economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_JDTPVRG | work =[[The Economist]] | pages =71 | accessdate = 2007-04-16 | language = }}</ref> Shortly after this incident the internet technology blog [[Mashable]] was blocked from Thailand over the reporting of the YouTube clips in question.<ref>
-{{cite news
- | first = Pete
- | last = Cashmore
- | title = Mashable.com Banned in Thailand
- | url = http://mashable.com/2007/04/18/mashablecom-banned-in-thailand/
- | work = Mashable
- | date = [[2004-04-18]]
-}}</ref> YouTube was unblocked on August 30, 2007 after YouTube reportedly agreed to block videos deemed offensive by Thai authorities.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Ban on YouTube lifted after deal | date=[[2007-08-31]] | publisher= | url =http://nationmultimedia.com/2007/08/31/headlines/headlines_30047192.php | work =[[The Nation]] | pages = | accessdate = | language = }}</ref>
-On September 21, 2007, Thai authorities announced they were seeking a court order to block videos that had recently appeared on YouTube accusing Privy Council president Prem Tinsulanonda of attempting to manipulate the royal succession to make himself Thailand's king.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=BDSI seeks to block YouTube videos | date=[[2007-09-22]] | publisher= | url =http://www.bangkokpost.com/breaking_news/breakingnews.php?id=121896 | work =[[Bangkok Post]] | pages = | accessdate = | language = }}</ref>
-===Tunisia===
-Youtube has been blocked in [[Tunisia]] since at least [[November 2]] [[2007]], with a forged [[HTTP 404]] error message appearing instead.<ref>
-{{cite web
- | url = http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2007/11/02/tunisia-is-youtube-blocked|title=Tunisia: is Youtube blocked?
- | date = [[2007-11-02]]
- | first = Sami
- | last = Ben Gharbia
-}}</ref>
-The reasons for such an action are not immediately known, and no explanations have been given.
-===Turkey===
-[[Image:Youtube censored TR2008.png|right|thumb|200px|Visitors to YouTube from Turkey were faced with a message about the block.]]
-[[Türk Telekom]] blocked YouTube on March 6, 2007 for showing videos allegedly insulting Turks and [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]], in an escalation of what some have called a "virtual war" between [[Greeks]] and [[Turks]] on YouTube, with people from each side posting videos to berate the other.<ref name=gatekeepers>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Google’s Gatekeepers  |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30google-t.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss&pagewanted=all |quote= |work=[[New York Times]] |date=2008 |accessdate=2008-12-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/turkey/story/0,,2028543,00.html|title=Turkey pulls plug on YouTube over Ataturk 'insults'|date=[[March 7]], [[2007]]|accessdate = 2007-03-07}}</ref> The video was first mentioned on [[CNN Türk]] and the [[İstanbul]] public prosecutor sued YouTube for "insulting Turkishness".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117960760.html?categoryid=1009&cs=1|title=Turkey bans YouTube|date=[[March 8]], [[2007]]|accessdate = 2007-03-10}}</ref> The court suspended access to YouTube pending removal of the video. The ban was strongly criticized as censorship in the press and by the general public. YouTube lawyers sent proof of the video's removal to the public prosecutor and access was restored on March 9, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Technology/Turkey-revokes-YouTube-ban/2007/03/10/1173167025391.html|title=Turkey revokes YouTube ban|date=[[March 9]], [[2007]]|accessdate = 2007-03-09}}</ref>
-On May 5, 2008, YouTube was blocked yet again by Telecommunication Ministry, according to the order of Ankara 11. Sulh Ceza Mahkemesi, April 24, 2008 of 2008/468. The blocking was lifted on May 12 2008, another reason given for the blocking is YouTube did not have a certification of authorisation in the country.
-===United Arab Emirates===
-The [[UAE]]'s telecom regulatory authority has blocked YouTube, with the [[Etisalat]] ISP in the UAE citing "presence of adult content on the website which is clearly against the religious, cultural, political and moral values of the UAE". The site is now open but the confirming date of birth pages still blocked.<ref>Wade, Matthew. [http://www.itp.net/index.php?view=article&id=487313&Itemid=1&option=com_content YouTube block remains]. ITP.net: August 17, 2006.</ref>
-==References==
-{{Reflist|2}}
-{{You Tube}}
-[[Category:YouTube]]
-[[Category:Internet censorship]]
-[[fr:Blocage de YouTube]]
-[[id:Pemblokiran Youtube]]
-[[tr:YouTube erişiminin engellenmesi]]