View source for Borjigin

{{Short description|Imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors}}
{{Redirect|Borjigit|the empresses of this surname|Empress Borjigit (disambiguation){{!}}Empress Borjigit}}
{{Redirect|Altan urag|the folk rock band|Altan Urag|the notion of having Genghis Khan as an ancestor|Descent from Genghis Khan}}
{{Royal house
| surname = Borjigin<br>{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ}}<br>{{lang|mn-cyrl|Боржигин}}
| estate = Mongolia, Russia, Central Asia, Iran and China
| image = 
| image_caption = 
| country = [[Mongol Empire]], [[Northern Yuan dynasty]], Mongolia, China ([[Inner Mongolia]] and [[Xinjiang]])
| parent house = 
| titles = [[Khagan]], [[Khan (title)|Khan]], [[Ilkhan]], [[Noyan]], [[List of Bulgarian monarchs|Tsar]]
| founder = [[Bodonchar Munkhag]]
| final ruler = * [[Şahin Giray]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Encyclopedia Britannica|publisher=William Benton|year=1973|page=726}}</ref> (in Europe)
* [[Maqsud Shah]] (in Asia)
| founding year = {{circa|900 AD}}
| deposition = 1930
| origin = [[Khamag Mongol]]
| cadet branches = [[Golden Horde|Jochids]] ([[Girays]], [[Shaybanids]], [[Töre (dynasty)|Tore]]), [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]], [[Ilkhanate#House of Hulagu (1256–1335; Ilkhanate Mongol kings|House of Hulagu]], [[Chagatai Khanate|House of Chagatai]]
}}

[[File:Mongol Empire c.1207.png|thumb|[[Mongol Empire]] {{circa|1207}}]]
A '''Borjigin'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɔːr|dʒ|ɪ|ɡ|ɪ|n}}; {{langx|mn|Боржигин|Borzhigin}}, {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ|mn}} {{IPA-mn|ˈpɔrt͡ɕɘkɘŋ|pron}}; {{zh|s=孛儿只斤|t=孛兒只斤|p=Bó'érjìjǐn}}; {{langx|ru|Борджигин|Bordžigin}}; English plural: '''Borjigins''' or '''Borjigid''' (from [[Middle Mongolian]]);<ref name="Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan, p. 119">''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', p. 119.</ref>{{efn|A Middle Mongolian plural-suffix ''-t'' has been written about by Éva Csáki in ''Middle Mongolian Loan Words in Volga Kipchak Languages''.}} [[Manchu language|Manchu]] plural{{sup|?}}: [[File:Borjigit 1.png|24px]]<ref>Li, p. 97.</ref>}} is a member of the [[Mongols|Mongol]] sub-clan that started with [[Bodonchar Munkhag]]{{efn|The ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols|Secret History of the Mongols]]'' traces it back to Yesugei's ancestor [[Bodonchar Munkhag|Bodonchar]]<ref name="Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan, p. 118">''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', p. 118.</ref>}} of the '''Kiyat''' [[clan]].<ref>''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', pp. 118, 123.</ref> [[Yesugei|Yesugei's]] descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin.<ref>''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', pp. 122–123.</ref> The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for [[Mongolia]] and [[Inner Mongolia]] until the 20th century.<ref name="Humphrey, p. 27">Humphrey & Sneath, p. 27.</ref> The clan formed the [[ruling class]] among the [[Mongols]] and some other peoples of [[Central Asia]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and [[Xinjiang]],<ref name="Humphrey, p. 27"/> and genetic research has shown that [[descent from Genghis Khan]] and [[Timur]] is common throughout Central Asia and other regions.{{According to whom|date=August 2024}}

{{TOC limit|3}}

== Origin and name ==
{{See also|Family tree of Genghis Khan}}
The patrilineage began with Blue-grey [[Wolf]] (Börte Chino) and Fallow [[deer|Doe]] (Gua Maral). According to ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]]'', their 11th generation descendant Dobu Mergen's widow [[Alan Gua]] the Fair was impregnated by a ray of light.<ref>''The Secret History of the Mongols'', chapter 1, §§ 17, 21.</ref> Her youngest son became the ancestor of the later Borjigid.<ref>Franke, Twitchett & Fairbank, p. 330.</ref> He was [[Bodonchar Munkhag]], who along with his brothers sired the entire Mongol nation.<ref>Kahn, p. 10.</ref> According to [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], many of the older Mongolian clans were founded by members of the Borjigin—[[Barlas]], Urud, [[Manghud]], [[Taichiut]], [[Chonos tribe|Chonos]], Kiyat, etc. The first Khan of the Mongol was Bodonchar Munkhag's great-great-grandson [[Khaidu Khan]]. Khaidu's grandsons [[Khabul Khan]] and [[Ambaghai]] Khan (founder of the [[Taichiut]] clan) succeeded him. Thereafter, Khabul's sons, [[Qutula|Hotula]] Khan and [[Yesugei]], and Khabul's grandson [[Temujin]] ([[Genghis Khan]], son of Yesugei) ruled the [[Khamag Mongol]]. By the unification of the Mongols in 1206, virtually all of Temujin's uncles and first cousins had died, and from then on only the descendants of Yesugei Baghatur, his brother Daritai, and nephew Onggur formed the Borjigid.

According to [[Paul Pelliot]] and [[Louis Hambis]], [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani]] once explained that "''borčïqïn''" designated in the Turkic languages a man with dark-blue eyes ({{langx|ar|[[wikt:اشهل|اشهل]]|translit=ašhal|label=none}}), and did so again without mentioning the said language, adding that Yesugei's children and the majority of their own children had had such eyes per coincidence, also recalling that the genie which had impregnated [[Alan Gua]] after her husband's death had had dark-blue eyes ("''ašhal čašm''").<ref name="Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan, p. 118"/> [[Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur]] later paraphrased Hamadani by relating that Yesugei's eyes were dark-blue ("[[wikt:شهلا|شهلا]] ''šahlā''"), that the Mongols ("''Moɣol''") called such eyes "''borǰïɣïn''" (بورجغن<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy5lCWdQ5noC&pg=PT41 | title=Abulghasi Bahadür Chani Historia Mongolorum et Tatarorum nunc primum tatarice edita auctoritate et munificentia illustrissimi comitis Nicolai de Romanzoff | year=1825 }}</ref>), that his sons and most of their descendants had dark-blue eyes ("''ašhal''"), and that one recognized thus in Yesugei's lineage the characteristic sign of the genie which had visited Alan Gua and had "''borǰïɣïn''" eyes, adding that the Arabs called "''ašhal''" a man whose iris ("''bübäčik''") was black, cornea white ("''aq''"), and whose limbal ring was red.<ref name="Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan, p. 119"/>

== History ==
{{See also|Appanage}}
[[File:Mongol dominions1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Mongol Empire]] and its vassals, ca. 1300. The gray area is the later [[Timurid empire]].]]
The Borjigin family ruled over the [[Mongol Empire]] from the 13th to 14th century. The rise of Genghis Khan narrowed the scope of the Borjigid-Kiyad clans sharply.<ref name="Atwood, p. 45">Atwood, p. 45.</ref> This separation was emphasized by the intermarriage of Genghis's descendants with the [[Barlas]], Baarin, [[Manghud]] and other branches of the original Borjigid. In the western regions of the Empire, the Jurkin and perhaps other lineages near to Genghis's lineage used the clan name Kiyad but did not share in the privileges of the Genghisids. The Borjigit clan had once dominated large lands stretching from [[Java]] to [[Iran]] and from [[Indo-China]] to [[Novgorod]]. In 1335, with the disintegration of the [[Ilkhanate]] in [[Iran]], the first of numerous non-Borjigid-Kiyad dynasties appeared. Established by marriage partners of Genghisids, these included the [[Chupanids|Suldus Chupanids]], [[Jalayirids]] in the Middle East, the [[Timurids|Barulas dynasties]] in [[Chagatai Khanate]] and India, the Manghud and [[Onggirat]] dynasties in the [[Golden Horde]] and Central Asia, and the [[Oirats]] in western Mongolia.

In 1368, during the reign of [[Toghun Temür]] (Emperor Huizong of Yuan), the [[Yuan dynasty]] was overthrown by the [[Ming dynasty]] but members of the family continued to rule over northern China and the Mongolian Plateau into the 17th century, known as the [[Northern Yuan dynasty]]. Descendants of Genghis Khan's brothers, [[Hasar]] and [[Belgutei]], surrendered to the Ming in the 1380s. By 1470 the Borjigin lines were severely weakened, and the Mongolian Plateau was almost in chaos.

=== Post-Mongol Empire ===
{{See also|Descent from Genghis Khan}}
[[File:Mongolia 1500 AD.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Tumens of Mongolia proper and vassal states of the Mongol Empire by 1400]]
After the breakup of the Golden Horde, the Khiyat continued to rule the [[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]] and [[Kazan]] until the late 18th century. They were annexed by the [[Russian Empire]] and the Chinese. In Mongolia, the Kublaids reigned as [[Khagan]] of the Mongols, however, descendants of [[Ögedei]] and [[Ariq Böke]] usurped the throne briefly.

Under [[Dayan Khan]] (1480–1517) a broad Borjigid revival reestablished Borjigid supremacy among the Mongols proper. His descendants proliferated to become a new ruling class. The Borjigin clan was the strongest of the 49 Mongol [[Banners of Inner Mongolia|banners]] from which the Bontoi clan proper supported and fought for their Khan and for their honor. The eastern [[Khorchin]]s were under the Hasarids, and the Ongnigud, Abagha Mongols were under the Belguteids and [[Temüge Odchigen]]ids. A fragment of the Hasarids deported to Western Mongolia became the [[Khoshut]]s.

The [[Qing dynasty]] respected the Borjigin family and the early emperors married the Hasarid Borjigids of the Khorchin. Even among the pro-Qing Mongols, traces of the alternative tradition survived. Aci Lomi, a banner general, wrote his ''History of the Borjigid Clan'' in 1732–35.<ref>Perdue, p. 487.</ref> The 18th century and 19th century Qing nobility was adorned by the descendants of the early Mongol adherents including the Borjigin.<ref>Crossley, p. 213.</ref>

Asian dynasties descended from Genghis Khan included the [[Yuan dynasty]] of China, the [[Ilkhanid]]s of [[Persia]], the [[Jochids]] of the [[Golden Horde]], the [[Shaybanids]] of [[Siberia]] and Central Asia, and the [[Khanate of Astrakhan|Astrakhanids]] of Central Asia. As a rule, the Genghisid descent played a crucial role in [[Tatar]] politics. For instance, [[Mamai]] had to exercise his authority through a succession of puppet khans but could not assume the title of [[Khan (title)|khan]] himself because he lacked Genghisid lineage.

The word "Chingisid" derives from the name of the Mongol conqueror [[Genghis Khan|Genghis (Chingis) Khan]] (c. 1162–1227 CE). Genghis and his successors created a vast empire stretching from the [[Sea of Japan]] to the [[Black Sea]].

* The ''Chingisid principle'',<ref>Halperin, chapter VIII.</ref> or golden lineage, was the rule of inheritance laid down in the ([[Yassa]]), the legal code attributed to Genghis Khan.
* A ''Chingisid prince'' was one who could trace direct [[descent from Genghis Khan]] in the male line, and who could therefore claim high respect in the Mongol, [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Asia]]tic world.
* The ''Chingisid states'' were the successor states or [[Khanate]]s after the Mongol empire broke up following the death of the Genghis Khan's sons and their [[List of Mongol Khans|successors]].
* The term ''Chingisid people'' was used{{by whom|date=August 2016}} to describe the people of Genghis Khan's armies who came in contact with Europeans. It applied primarily the [[Golden Horde]], led by [[Batu Khan]], a grandson of Genghis. Members of the Horde were predominantly [[Kipchaks|Kıpchak]]— [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]-speaking people rather than Mongols. (Although the aristocracy was largely Mongol, Mongols were never more than a small minority in the armies and the lands they conquered.) Europeans often (incorrectly) called the people of the Golden Horde "[[Tartars]]".

[[Babur]] and [[Humayun]], founders of the [[Mughal Empire]] in India, asserted their authority as Chinggisids. Because they claimed descent through their maternal lineage, they had never used the clan name Borjigin.

The Genghisids also include such dynasties and houses as [[Giray dynasty|Giray]], [[House of Siberia]], [[Ar begs]], [[Yaushev family]]<ref>{{Cite journal |author = Сабитов Ж. М. |editor =  |format = |url = https://www.proza.ru/2012/03/20/1073 |title = Башкирские ханы Бачман и Тура |type =  |orig-year = | agency =  |edition = Сибирский сборник. Выпуск 1. Казань  |location =  |year = 2011 |publisher =  |volume =  |issue =  |number = |pages = 63–69 |series =  |isbn =  |issn =  |doi =  |bibcode =  |arxiv =  |pmid =  |language = ru |quote = }}</ref> and other.

The last ruling monarch of Genghisid ancestry, [[Maqsud Shah]] (d. 1930), [[Kumul Khanate|Khan of Kumul]] from 1908 to 1930.

=== Modern relevance ===
The Borjigin held power over Mongolia for many centuries (even during [[Mongolia during Qing rule|Qing period]]) and only lost power when [[Communists]] took control in the 20th century. Aristocratic descent was something to be forgotten in the [[socialist]] period.<ref>Humphrey & Sneath, p. 28.</ref> [[Joseph Stalin]]'s associates executed some 30,000 Mongols including Borjigin nobles in a series of campaigns against their culture and religion.<ref>Weatherford, p. xv.</ref> Clan association has lost its practical relevance in the 20th century, but is still considered a matter of honour and pride by many [[Mongols|Mongolians]]. In 1920s the communist regime banned the use of clan names. When the ban was lifted again in 1997, and people were told they had to have surnames, most families had lost knowledge about their clan association. Because of that, a disproportionate number of families registered the most prestigious clan name Borjigin, many of them without historic justification.<ref>"In Search of Sacred Names".</ref><ref>Magnier.</ref> The label Borjigin is used as a measure of cultural supremacy.<ref>Pegg, p. 22.</ref>

In [[Inner Mongolia]], the Borjigid or Kiyad name became the basis for many Chinese surnames adopted by [[Mongols in China|ethnic Inner Mongols]].<ref name="Atwood, p. 45"/> The Inner Mongolian Borjigin Taijis took the surname [[Bao (surname)|Bao]] ({{lang|zh|鲍}}, from Borjigid) and in [[Ordos Loop|Ordos]] [[Qi (surname)|Qi]] ({{lang|zh|奇}}, Qiyat). A [[genetic research]] has proposed that as many as 16 million men from populations as far apart as [[Hazaras]] in the West and [[Hezhe people]] to the east may have Borjigid-Kiyad ancestry.<ref>"The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols", pp. 717-721.</ref> The Qiyat clan name is still found among the [[Kazakhs]], [[Uzbeks]] and [[Nogais|Nogai]] [[Karakalpaks]]

== Prominent Kiyads or Borjigins ==
[[File:MongolEmpireDivisions1300.png|thumb|right|250px|The division of the [[Mongol Empire]], c. 1300, with the Golden Horde in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in the middle, the Ilkhanate in the southwest, and the Yuan dynasty in the east]]

=== Rulers of the [[Khamag Mongol]] (11th century – 1206) ===
*[[Khaidu (ruler)|Khaidu]]
*[[Khabul Khan]]
*[[Yesugei]]

===Emperors and rulers of the [[Mongol Empire]] (1206–1368)===
*[[Genghis Khan]]
*[[Tolui]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]]
*[[Ögedei Khan]]
*[[Güyük Khan]]
*[[Möngke Khan]]
*[[Kublai Khan]]

====Genghis Khan's brothers====
*[[Hasar]]
*[[Belgutei]]
*[[Temüge]]

====Rulers of the Khanates====
[[House of Ögedei|'''Ögedei Horde''']]

* [[Ögedei Khan|Ögedei]]
* [[:ja:アルグ・テムル|Arg Temur]]
* [[Kaidu]]
* [[Güyük Khan]]
* [[Kadan]]
* [[Örüg Temür Khan|Örüg Temur Khan]]
* [[Adai Khan]]
* [[:ja:メリク (オゴデイ家)|Melig]]

=====[[Yuan dynasty]]=====
*[[Kublai Khan]]
*[[Temür Khan]]
*[[Toghon Temür]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]]

=====[[Golden Horde]]=====
[[File:Batu Khan on the Throne by Rashid al-Din.jpg|thumb|[[Batu Khan]] on his throne.]]

*[[Jochi]]
*[[Orda Khan]]
*[[Batu Khan]]
*[[Sartaq]]
*[[Berke]]
*[[Shiban]]
*[[Toqta]]
*[[Uzbeg Khan]]

=====[[Ilkhanate]]=====
*[[Hulagu]]
*[[Abaqa]]
*[[Ghazan]]

=====[[Chagatai Khanate]]=====
*[[Chagatai Khan]]
*[[Kaidu]]
*[[Duwa]]
*[[Esen Buqa I]]
*[[Kebek]]
*[[Tarmashirin]]

===Post-Mongol Empire [[Golden Horde]] (1360–1502)===
*[[Urus Khan]]
*[[Toqtamish]]
*[[Mamai]]{{efn|According to H. H. Howorth, Mamai used the clan name Kiyad which is near to Genghisid lineage. However, he was not direct descendant of Genghis Khan.<ref>''The History of the Mongols'', part. II, D. II, p. 190.{{Full citation needed|date=October 2018}}</ref>}}
*[[Olug Moxammat]]

===[[Crimean Khanate]] (1441–1783)===
*[[Mengli Giray]]

===[[Kazan Khanate]] (1438–1552)===
*[[Olug Moxammat]]

===[[Uzbek Khanate]] (1428–1471)===
*[[Abu'l-Khayr Khan]]

===[[Kazakh Khanate]] (1456–1847)===
*[[Janybek Khan]]

=== [[Northern Yuan dynasty]] (1368–1635) ===
*[[Öljei Temür Khan]]
*[[Dayan Khan]]
*[[Ligdan Khan]]
*[[Ejei Khan]]

==== Ruler of the Tumed ====
*[[Altan Khan]]

==== Khalkha ====
*[[Zanabazar]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:YuanEmperorAlbumGenghisPortrait.jpg|[[Genghis Khan]] 
Image:CoronationOfOgodei1229.jpg|[[Ögedei Khan]]
Image:TuluiWithQueenSorgaqtani.jpg|[[Tolui]] with his wife [[Sorghaghtani Beki]]
Image:Mengli bayezid.jpg|[[Mengli Giray]] at the court of [[Bayezid II]]
Image:Altan Khan.jpg|[[Altan Khan]]
Image:Imperial Portrait of Empress Xiao Zhuang Wen.jpg|[[Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang]]
File:Facial Chronicle - b.10, p.049 - Tokhtamysh at Moscow.jpg|[[Tokhtamysh]]
File:Portrait of Tsereng.jpg|[[Khalkhas|Khalkha]] Borjigin ruler Tsereng ([[:zh:策棱|博爾濟吉特策凌]], 1672–1750). 18th century painting
</gallery>

== Yuan dynasty family tree ==
{{See also|Chinese emperors family tree (late)#Yuan dynasty and Northern Yuan|l1=Yuan and Northern Yuan dynasties emperor's family tree}}

[[Genghis Khan]] founded the [[Mongol Empire]] in 1206. His grandson, [[Kublai Khan]], after defeating his younger brother and rival claimant to the throne [[Ariq Böke]], founded the [[Yuan dynasty]] of China in 1271. The dynasty was overthrown by the [[Ming dynasty]] during the reign of [[Toghon Temür]] in 1368, but it survived in the [[Mongolian Plateau]], known as the [[Northern Yuan dynasty]]. Although the throne was usurped by [[Esen Taishi]] of the [[Oirats]] in 1453, he was overthrown in the next year. A recovery of the khaganate was achieved by [[Dayan Khan]], but the territory was segmented by his descendants. The last [[khan (title)|khan]] [[Ligden Khan|Ligden]] died in 1634 and his son [[Ejei Khan|Ejei Khongor]] submitted himself to [[Hong Taiji]] the next year, ending the Northern Yuan regime.<ref>Heirman & Bumbacher, p. 395.</ref> However, the Borjigin nobles continued to rule their subjects until the 20th century under the [[Qing dynasty]].<ref>Sneath, p. 21.</ref>{{efn|{{ill|Wada Sei|ja|和田清}} did pioneer work on this field, and [[Honda Minobu]] and [[Okada Hidehiro]] modified it, using newly discovered Persian (Timurid) records and Mongol chronicles.}}

[[File:Yuan genealogy.png|820px]]

Or in a different version (years of reign over the Northern Yuan dynasty [up to 1388] are given in brackets).

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Borjigin}}
*[[Family tree of Genghis Khan]]
*[[History of Mongolia]]
*[[Mongolian name]]
*[[List of medieval Mongolian tribes and clans]]
*[[Turco-Mongol]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Refbegin|35em}}
* Atwood, C. P. ''Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire''.
* Crossley, Pamela Kyle. ''A Translucent Mirror''.
* Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis; Fairbank, John King. ''The Cambridge History of China: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368''.
* "The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols". ''American Journal of Human Genetics'', 72.
* Halperin, Charles J. (1985). ''Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History''. Indiana University Press. {{ISBN|0-253-20445-3}}. {{ISBN|978-0-253-20445-5}}.
* Heirman, Ann; Bumbacher, Stephan Peter. ''The Spread of Buddhism''.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=0ScVAAAAIAAJ ''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan''] (in French). E. J. Brill.
* Humphrey, Caroline; Sneath, David. ''The End of Nomadism?''.
* {{Citation |title=In Search of Sacred Names |newspaper=Mongolia Today |url = http://www.mongoliatoday.com/issue/5/names.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070607003052/http://www.mongoliatoday.com/issue/5/names.html |archivedate=2007-06-07 }}.
* Kahn, Paul. ''The Secret History of the Mongols''.
* Li, Gertraude Roth. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1bArr1-E5mQC ''Manchu: A Textbook for Reading Documents''].
* {{cite news |url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-oct-23-fg-names23-story.html |title=Identity Issues in Mongolia |last=Magnier|first=Mark|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 23, 2004 }}
* Pegg, Carole. ''Mongolian Music, Dance & Oral Narrative''.
* Perdue, Peter C. ''China Marches West''.
* Sneath, David. ''Changing Inner Mongolia: Pastoral Mongolian Society and the Chinese State''.
* Weatherford, Jack. ''Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World''. Three Rivers Press.
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
*Wada Sei 和田清. ''Tōashi Kenkyū (Mōko Hen)'' 東亜史研究 (蒙古編). Tokyo, 1959.
*Honda Minobu 本田實信. ''On the genealogy of the early Northern Yüan'', Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, XXX-314, 1958.
*Okada Hidehiro 岡田英弘. ''Dayan Hagan no nendai'' ダヤン・ハガンの年代. Tōyō Gakuhō, Vol. 48, No. 3 pp.&nbsp;1–26 and No. 4 pp.&nbsp;40–61, 1965.
*Okada Hidehiro 岡田英弘. ''Dayan Hagan no sensei'' ダヤン・ハガンの先世. Shigaku Zasshi. Vol. 75, No. 5, pp.&nbsp;1–38, 1966.

{{s-start}}
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|-
{{end}}

{{Mongol Empire}}
{{Yuan dynasty topics}}
{{Northern Yuan dynasty}}
{{Mongolic ethnic groups}}
{{Royal houses of Russia}}
{{Aristocratic family trees}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Borjigin| ]]
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[[Category:Mongolian nobility]]
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