Calw
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Calw | |
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 Coat of arms | |
Location of Calw within Calw district  | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Karlsruhe |
| District | Calw |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ralf Eggert |
| Area | |
| • Total | 59.88 km2 (23.12 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 630 m (2,070 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 330 m (1,080 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[1] | |
| • Total | 24,219 |
| • Density | 400/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 75351-75365 |
| Dialling codes | 07051, 07053 |
| Vehicle registration | CW |
| Website | calw.de |
Calw (German pronunciation: [ˈkalf]; locally [kʰalp]) is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg in the south of Germany, capital of the district Calw. It is located in the Northern Black Forest and is approximately 18 kilometres south of Pforzheim and 33 kilometres west of Stuttgart.
History
Calw was first mentioned in records in 1037.[2] In the 11th century, the town grew around the older castle of the Grafen (Earls) of Calw. In the Middle Ages, Calw was an important commercial town, especially for the trade of cloth and leather. In 1345, Calw became part of Württemberg,[2] and by the 16th century, it had become the summer residence of the Duke of Württemberg. In 1634 the town was taken by the Bavarians, and in 1692 by the French.[2] In the 18th century, Calw flourished from the lumber trade and rafting of timber on the river Nagold.
Due to her romantic relationship with a Polish guest worker, seventeen-year-old Calw resident Erna Brehm was publicly shaved bald in the town's market square in August 1941. She served eight months in jail in Calw and Stuttgart for violating Nazi Rassenschande ("racial shame") laws before being deported to Ravensbrück concentration camp. She was released on 1 April 1944 because she was in such poor health that she was no longer able to work. She was extremely underweight (reportedly only 34.5 kilograms or 76 pounds) and died on 19 August 1951 at the age of twenty-seven.[3]
During World War II, a small subcamp of Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, where parts for aircraft were assembled by female forced laborers, was located here.[4] The most prominent resident of Calw was the author and Nobel prize winner Hermann Hesse.
The district reform of 1 January 1973 gave Calw its current size. It became a part of the newly founded Northern Black Forest Region, which itself was assigned to the administrative region of Karlsruhe. On 1 January 1975, Calw was combined with the municipalities of Altburg, Hirsau and Stammheim into the town of Calw-Hirsau. On 1 January 1976, it was renamed as Calw.
Politics
Municipal council
Since the municipal elections of 7 June 2009 the municipal council of Calw has had a total of thirty members (previously there were only twenty-seven). Furthermore, the Lord Mayor (in German "Oberbürgermeister") acts as the chairperson of the council. The result of the last election was:
| Party | Percentage of Votes | + / - | Seats | + / - |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free Voters | 35.7% | - 3.6 | 11 | ± 0 |
| Christian Democratic Union | 23.4% | - 1.2 | 7 | ± 0 |
| Social Democratic Party | 14.0% | - 2.0 | 4 | ± 0 |
| Free Democratic Party / Green Party | 19.5% | + 2.6 | 6 | + 2 |
| Neue Liste Calw | 7.5% | + 3.9 | 2 | + 1 |
Mayor
By the 15th century Calw had an electoral system that chose a new mayor every two years. Proof exists for a council as far back as 1453.
Mayors and Lord Mayors
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Population developement
Data sources: census results (¹) or data from the Statistical offices
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Important facts and figures about Calw
- Outlying districts: Alzenberg, Wimberg, Heumaden
- Town districts: Altburg, Hirsau, Stammheim, Holzbronn
- Labor force: Compulsorily insured employees 8,014. Of these:
- Manufacturing industries: 2,763
- Service industries: 5,251
- Waterways - Nagold river, Tälesbach, Ziegelbach, Wurstbrunnenbach, Schießbach, Schlittenbach, Schweinbach
- Base of the Kommando Spezialkräfte (KSK) (Special Forces Command)
Tourism and importance
Calw is heavily pedestrianised, and has begun catering for the tourist trade with numerous shops, restaurants, bistros and ice-cream parlours being opened. This growth has allowed Calw to be considered a large town at the centre of its district.
Famous residents
- Ulrich Rülein von Calw (1465-1523), doctor, mathematician, mining engineer, town planner and mayor of Freiberg
- Johannes Valentinus Andreae, (1586–1654), clergyman
- Joseph Gärtner (1732-1791), botanist
- August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803-1861), historian and deputy of the Frankfurt National Assembly
- Konrad Rieger (1855–1939), psychiatrist
- Hermann Hesse, (1877–1962), German-born Swiss author, Nobel Prize in Literature 1946
- Rudolf Schlichter, (1890–1955), painter
- Martin Haug (1895-1983), Protestant theologian and regional bishop of the Evangelical Landeskirche in Württemberg
- Friedrich Bauer (1906-1990), district administrator in Öhringen
- Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer (1922–1950), Luftwaffe night fighter pilot of World War II.
- Peter Lehmann, (born 1950), social scientist, publisher, freelance activist in humanistic anti-psychiatry,
- Hans Mohr (born 1930 in Altburg), biologist and science philosopher
- Jörg Lutz (born 1963), mayor of Lörrach
- Frank Hölzle (born 1968), professor of oral, maxillofacial and facial surgery
- Marcel Goc, (born 1983), NHL player who currently plays for the Pittsburgh Penguins.
- Sascha Goc, (born 1979), NHL player who played for the New Jersey Devils and the Tampa Bay Lightning.
Twinnings
References
- ^ "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022" [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] (CSV) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
- ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ http://www.zeit.de/1985/06/verbotene-liebe/komplettansicht
- ^ Concentration Camp Listing
External links
Towns and municipalities in Calw (district) | ||
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