Cantiga de amigo

The Cantiga de amigo (Portuguese: [kɐ̃ˈtiɣɐ ð(j) ɐˈmiɣu], Galician: [kaŋˈtiɣa ðe aˈmiɣo]) or Cantiga d'amigo (Old Galician-Portuguese spelling), literally a "song of a friend", is a genre of medieval lyric poetry, apparently rooted in a song tradition native to the northwest quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula. What mainly distinguishes the cantiga de amigo is its focus on a world of female-voiced communication. The earliest examples that survive are dated from roughly the 1220s, and nearly all 500 were composed before 1300. Cantigas d'amigo are found mainly in the Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancuti, now in Lisbon's Biblioteca Nacional, and in the Cancioneiro da Vaticana, both copied in Italy at the beginning of the 16th century (possibly around 1525) at the behest of the Italian humanist Angelo Colocci. The seven songs of Martin Codax are also contained, along with music (for all but one text), in the Pergaminho Vindel, probably a mid-13th-century manuscript and unique in all Romance philology.

In these cantigas the speaker is nearly always a girl, her mother, the girl's girl friend, or the girl's boyfriend.^[1] Stylistically, they are characterized by simple strophic forms, with repetition, variation, and parallelism, and are marked by the use of a refrain (around 90% of the texts). They constitute the largest body of female-voiced love lyric that has survived from ancient or medieval Europe. There are eighty-eight authors, all male, some of the better known being King Dinis of Portugal (52 songs in this genre), Johan Airas de Santiago (45), Johan Garcia de Guilhade (22), Juião Bolseiro (15), Johan Baveca (13), Pedr' Amigo de Sevilha (10), João Zorro (10), Pero Meogo (9), Bernal de Bonaval (8), Martim Codax (7).^[2] Even Mendinho, author of a single song, has been acclaimed as a master poet.

The cantiga de amigo have been said to have characteristics in common with the Mozarabic kharajat, but these may be merely coincidences of female speaker and erotic themes.^[3]

Type of cantigas

Tençon is a lyric and satiric cantiga which use dialogue.^[4]^[5]

Samples

Below are two cantigas d’amigo by Bernal de Bonaval (text from Cohen 2003, tr. Cohen 2010).

Bernal de Bonaval 7

Rogar vos quer' eu, mha madre e mha senhor, que mi non digades oje mal, se eu for a Bonaval, pois meu amig' i ven

Se vos non pesar, mha madre, rogar vos ei, por Deus, que mi non digades mal, e irei a Bonaval, pois meu amig' i ven

I want to ask you, my mother and my lord,
That you not speak ill of me today, if I go
To Bonaval, since my boy is coming there.

If it doesn’t upset you, my mother, I will ask,
By God, that you not speak ill of me, and I’ll go
To Bonaval, since my boy is coming there.

Bernal de Bonaval 8

Filha fremosa, vedes que vos digo: que non faledes ao voss' amigo sen mi, ai filha fremosa

E se vós, filha, meu amor queredes, rogo vos eu que nunca lhi faledes sen mi, ai filha fremosa

E al á i de que vos non guardades: perdedes i de quanto lhi falades sen mi, ai filha fremosa

Lovely daughter, look what I’m telling you:
Do not talk with your boyfriend
Without me, o lovely daughter.

And, daughter, if you want my love,
I ask you that you never talk with him
Without me, o lovely daughter.

And there’s something else you’re careless about:
You lose every word you talk with him
Without me, o lovely daughter.

Notes

^ Estébanez Calderón, Demetrio (2000). "Breve diccionario de términos literarios". Madrid: Alianza Editorial: 62–63. ISBN 9788420636177. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Reyzábal, Victoria (1998). "Diccionario de términos literarios". 1 (2nd ed.). Madrid: Acento Editorial: 14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Corriente, Federico (1997). Poesía dialectal árabe y romance en Alandalús: cejeles y xarajāt de muwaššaḥāt. Madrid: Gredos. p. 386. ISBN 9788424918873. OCLC 39347425.
^ Fernández del Riego, Francisco (1982). Historia da literatura. Gijón: Galaxia. p. 15.
^ Deyermond, Alan (1999). "La lírica primitiva y su posteridad". Historia de la literatura española. Edad Media. Vol. 1 (18th ed.). Barcelona: Ariel. pp. 49–53.

References

Mercedes Brea & Pilar Lorenzo Gradín, A Cantiga de Amigo, Vigo: Edicións de Galicia, 1998.
Rip Cohen, 500 Cantigas d'amigo: A Critical Edition, Porto, Campo das Letras, 2003. https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/33843
Rip Cohen, The Cantigas d'amigo: An English Translation. JScholarship, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 2010. https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/33843)
Giuseppe Tavani, Trovadores e Jograis: Introdução à poesia medieval galego-portuguesa, Lisbon, Caminho, 2002.
Peter Dronke, The medieval lyric, Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 1968.

Type of cantigas

Samples

Notes

References

See also