Carcinosis
Carcinosis, or carcinomatosis, is disseminated cancer, forms of metastasis, whether used generally or in specific patterns of spread.
Usage[edit]
Carcinomatosis is often restricted to tumors of epithelial origin, adenocarcinomas, while sarcomatosis describes the dissemination of tumors of mesenchymal origin, sarcomas.[1]
Lung[edit]
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis[edit]
When most tumors metastasize to the lung, they form distinct nodules, but about 7% spread through the lymph vessels of the lung.[2] They may impair breathing in several ways; the lung becomes stiffer; blood vessels traveling alongside the distended lymph vessels become compressed.[3]
Miliary carcinosis[edit]
A pattern of multiple small nodular metastases has been described as miliary carcinosis which has a radiographic appearance similar to miliary tuberculosis.[4]
Body cavities[edit]
Any potential space may be seeded with tumor cells that grow along surfaces, but which may not invade below the surfaces. In rare cases, the joint spaces are affected.[5]
Peritoneal carcinomatosis[edit]
The lining of the abdominal cavity is a common site for surface dissemination. Ovarian carcinomas are common. Fluid produced by the cells can produce ascites which is typical in carcinomatosis, but less common in peritoneal sarcomatosis.[1] Fluid can be serous as seen in primary peritoneal carcinoma or mucinous such as found in pseudomyxoma peritonei which is typically a tumor derived from the appendix.[6]
Pleural carcinosis[edit]
Pleural carcinosis is associated with malignant pleural effusion and poor prognosis.[7]
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis[edit]
The meningeal covering of the central nervous system may be the site of tumor growth. Breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma are the most common tumors.[8]
Treatment[edit]
Colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal involvement can be treated with oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Such treatment is not expected to be curative, but can extend the lives of patients.[9] Some patients may be cured through hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, but the procedure entails a high degree of risk for morbidity or death.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Oei, T. N.; Jagannathan, J. P.; Ramaiya, N.; Ros, P. R. (2010). "Peritoneal Sarcomatosis Versus Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Imaging Findings at MDCT". American Journal of Roentgenology. 195 (3): W229–W235. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3907. ISSN 0361-803X. PMID 20729420.
- ^ Prakash, P.; Kalra, M. K.; Sharma, A.; Shepard, J.-A. O.; Digumarthy, S. R. (2009). "FDG PET/CT in Assessment of Pulmonary Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis". American Journal of Roentgenology. 194 (1): 231–236. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3059. ISSN 0361-803X. PMID 20028927.
- ^ Mark A. Marinella (7 May 2009). "12. Lymphangitic carcinomatosis". Handbook of Cancer Emergencies. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-0-7637-6989-5. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
- ^ Marks, J. L. (1950). "Metastatic Tumors of the Lung". Chest. 17 (1): 63–73. doi:10.1378/chest.17.1.63. ISSN 0012-3692. PMID 15399335.
- ^ Currall, Verity A.; Dixon, John H. (2008). "Synovial Metastasis". The Journal of Arthroplasty. 23 (4): 631–636. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2007.04.034. ISSN 0883-5403. PMID 18514889.
- ^ Young, Robert H. (2004). "Pseudomyxoma peritonei and selected other aspects of the spread of appendiceal neoplasms". Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology. 21 (2): 134–150. doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2004.12.002. ISSN 0740-2570. PMID 15807473.
- ^ Ruffini, E (2002). "The significance of intraoperative pleural effusion during surgery for bronchogenic carcinoma". European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 21 (3): 508–513. doi:10.1016/S1010-7940(01)01166-6. ISSN 1010-7940. PMID 11888772.
- ^ Martins, Sandro José; Azevedo, Carla Rameri Alexandre Silva de; Chinen, Ludmilla Thomé Domingos; Cruz, Marcelo Rocha Sousa; Peterlevitz, Marcos Aurélio; Gimenes, Daniel Luiz (2011). "Meningeal carcinomatosis in solid tumors". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 69 (6): 973–980. doi:10.1590/S0004-282X2011000700024. ISSN 0004-282X. PMID 22297890.
- ^ Joerg O W Pelz, Terence C. Chua, Jesus Esquivel, et al. BMC Cancer, Volume 10, Published - Dec 22 2010. https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/evaluation-of-best-supportive-care-and-systemic-chemotherapy-as-t-3
External links[edit]
- Carcinosis entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms