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[[File:NRCSSC97008 - South Carolina (5991)(NRCS Photo Gallery).jpg|thumb|A chicken manure sample being collected for a nutrient analysis]]
[[File:NRCSSC97008 - South Carolina (5991)(NRCS Photo Gallery).jpg|thumb|A chicken manure sample being collected for a nutrient analysis]]
'''Chicken manure''' or '''chicken shit''' is used as an [[organic fertilizer]], especially for soil low in [[nitrogen]].<ref name="Telkamp">{{cite web|url=http://www.hgtvgardens.com/chickens/backyard-chickens-the-straight-poop-on-using-chicken-manure-as-fertilizer|title=The Straight Poop On Using Chicken Manure as Fertilizer|last=Telkamp|first=Mick|accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref> "Of all animal manures... it is the richest in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium."<ref name="Rodale">{{cite book|editor=Deborah L. Martin and Grace Gershuny|title=The Rodale Book of Composting: Easy Methods for Every Gardener|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6sx5-OM_psC&pg=PA126&dq=chicken+manure&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xHbiVMefIPeQsQT79oGoBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=chicken%20manure&f=false|edition=revised|year=1992|publisher=Rodale|isbn=9780878579914|page=126}}</ref> Chicken [[manure]] is sometimes [[Pelletizing|pelletized]] for use as a fertilizer, and this product may have additional [[phosphorus]], [[potassium]] or nitrogen added.<ref name="Barrett"/> Optimal storage conditions for chicken manure includes it being kept in a covered area and retaining its liquid, because a significant amount of nitrogen exists in the urine.<ref name="Pullin & Shehadeh"/>
'''Chicken shit''' is used as an [[organic fertilizer]], especially for soil low in [[nitrogen]].<ref name="Telkamp">{{cite web|url=http://www.hgtvgardens.com/chickens/backyard-chickens-the-straight-poop-on-using-chicken-manure-as-fertilizer|title=The Straight Poop On Using Chicken Manure as Fertilizer|last=Telkamp|first=Mick|accessdate=16 February 2015}}</ref> "Of all animal shits... it is the richest in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium."<ref name="Rodale">{{cite book|editor=Deborah L. Martin and Grace Gershuny|title=The Rodale Book of Composting: Easy Methods for Every Gardener|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6sx5-OM_psC&pg=PA126&dq=chicken+manure&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xHbiVMefIPeQsQT79oGoBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=chicken%20manure&f=false|edition=revised|year=1992|publisher=Rodale|isbn=9780878579914|page=126}}</ref> Chicken [[shit]] is sometimes [[Pelletizing|pelletized]] for use as a fertilizer, and this product may have additional [[phosphorus]], [[potassium]] or nitrogen added.<ref name="Barrett"/> Optimal storage conditions for chicken shit includes it being kept in a covered area and retaining its liquid, because a significant amount of nitrogen exists in the urine.<ref name="Pullin & Shehadeh"/>


Fresh chicken manure contains approximately 1.5% nitrogen.<ref name="Foreman & Long"/> One [[chicken]] produces approximately 8-11 pounds of manure monthly.<ref name="Foreman & Long"/> Chicken manure can be used to create homemade plant fertilizer.<ref name="Foreman & Long"/>
Fresh chicken shit contains approximately 1.5% nitrogen.<ref name="Foreman & Long"/> One [[chicken]] produces approximately 8-11 pounds of shit monthly.<ref name="Foreman & Long"/> Chicken shit can be used to create homemade plant fertilizer.<ref name="Foreman & Long"/>


==Studies==
==Studies==
In 1986, a master's thesis study in the Philippines compared the effects of using various fertilizers to enhance [[milkfish]] production in [[brackish water]] ponds.<ref name="Garcia, Aragon & Dator"/> The study compared the use of using chicken manure only, [[cow manure]] only, 16-20-0 fertilizer only, a mixture of cow manure and 16-20-0 fertilizer, a mixture of chicken manure and 16-20-0 fertilizer, and a control group that used no fertilizer.<ref name="Garcia, Aragon & Dator"/> The study concluded that the use of cow manure only as a fertilizer fared best, and the use of chicken manure only as a fertilizer fared second best.<ref name="Garcia, Aragon & Dator"/>
In 1986, a master's thesis study in the Philippines compared the effects of using various fertilizers to enhance [[milkfish]] production in [[brackish water]] ponds.<ref name="Garcia, Aragon & Dator"/> The study compared the use of using chicken shit only, [[cow manure]] only, 16-20-0 fertilizer only, a mixture of cow manure and 16-20-0 fertilizer, a mixture of chicken shit and 16-20-0 fertilizer, and a control group that used no fertilizer.<ref name="Garcia, Aragon & Dator"/> The study concluded that the use of cow dung only as a fertilizer fared best, and the use of chicken shit only as a fertilizer fared second best.<ref name="Garcia, Aragon & Dator"/>


<center><gallery caption="" widths="190px" heights="160px">
<center><gallery caption="" widths="190px" heights="160px">
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==Pollution==
==Pollution==
Mass applications of chicken manure may create an unpleasant odor. In Apil 2014 in Escondido, California, a golf course that had "dumped" chicken manure on its grounds was cited by the county government after complaints from local residents about the odor.<ref>{{cite web | title=Chicken manure stink could be costly | website=U-T San Diego | date=April 14, 2014 | year=2014 | url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/apr/14/escondido-country-club-golf-manure-chicken/ | ref={{sfnref | U-T San Diego | 2014}} | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref>
Mass applications of chicken shit may create an unpleasant odor. In Apil 2014 in Escondido, California, a golf course that had "dumped" chicken shit on its grounds was cited by the county government after complaints from local residents about the odor.<ref>{{cite web | title=Chicken manure stink could be costly | website=U-T San Diego | date=April 14, 2014 | year=2014 | url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/apr/14/escondido-country-club-golf-manure-chicken/ | ref={{sfnref | U-T San Diego | 2014}} | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref>


In December 2011, the environmental group Environment Maryland asserted that water runoff from agricultural land fertilized with chicken manure was increasing the pollution levels of Chesapeake Bay.<ref name="WTOP 2011">{{cite web | title=Chicken manure adds to Chesapeake Bay pollution, group says | website=WTOP | date=December 28, 2011 | year=2011 | url=http://wtop.com/news/2011/12/chicken-manure-adds-to-chesapeake-bay-pollution-group-says/ | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> The group asserted that excessive phosphorus from the runoff was contributing to the increase of [[Dead zone (ecology)|dead zone]]s in the bay.<ref name="WTOP 2011"/>
In December 2011, the environmental group Environment Maryland asserted that water runoff from agricultural land fertilized with chicken shit was increasing the pollution levels of Chesapeake Bay.<ref name="WTOP 2011">{{cite web | title=Chicken manure adds to Chesapeake Bay pollution, group says | website=WTOP | date=December 28, 2011 | year=2011 | url=http://wtop.com/news/2011/12/chicken-manure-adds-to-chesapeake-bay-pollution-group-says/ | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> The group asserted that excessive phosphorus from the runoff was contributing to the increase of [[Dead zone (ecology)|dead zone]]s in the bay.<ref name="WTOP 2011"/>


==Human deterrent==
==Human deterrent==
Chicken manure has been used as a human deterrent. In July 2013 in Abbotsford, British Columbia, city workers applied chicken manure at a tent encampment to deter homeless people from the area.<ref name="CP">{{cite web | author= | title=Big Stink Over Manure Dump | website=The Huffington Post | date=July 24, 2013 | year=2013 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/07/24/homeless-sue-abbotsford-manure_n_3645924.html | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> The affected homeless planned on initiating small claims lawsuits for loss of property and property damage.<ref name="CP"/> One of the affected homeless people described the tactics of city workers as "...a chicken shit way to do things".<ref>{{cite web | last= | first= | title=Abbotsford Homeless Campers Clash With City, Police | website=The Huffington Post | date=June 19, 2013 | year=2013 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/06/19/abbotsford-homeless-clash-city-police_n_3467572.html | ref=harv | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> The mayor of Abbotsford and the Fraser Valley city manager later apologized regarding the incident.<ref name="CP"/><ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Chicken Poop Scheme Shames Mayor | website=The Huffington Post | date=June 6, 2013 | year=2013 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/06/06/abbotsford-manure-dump-homeless_n_3398629.html | ref=harv | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> Similar instances of using chicken manure in this manner have occurred in British Columbia in Surrey and in Port Coquitlam, the latter of which occurred "shortly after the Abbotsford incident".<ref name="CP"/>
Chicken shit has been used as a human deterrent. In July 2013 in Abbotsford, British Columbia, city workers applied chicken shit at a tent encampment to deter homeless people from the area.<ref name="CP">{{cite web | author= | title=Big Stink Over Manure Dump | website=The Huffington Post | date=July 24, 2013 | year=2013 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/07/24/homeless-sue-abbotsford-manure_n_3645924.html | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> The affected homeless planned on initiating small claims lawsuits for loss of property and property damage.<ref name="CP"/> One of the affected homeless people described the tactics of city workers as "...a chicken shit way to do things".<ref>{{cite web | last= | first= | title=Abbotsford Homeless Campers Clash With City, Police | website=The Huffington Post | date=June 19, 2013 | year=2013 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/06/19/abbotsford-homeless-clash-city-police_n_3467572.html | ref=harv | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> The mayor of Abbotsford and the Fraser Valley city manager later apologized regarding the incident.<ref name="CP"/><ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Chicken Poop Scheme Shames Mayor | website=The Huffington Post | date=June 6, 2013 | year=2013 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/06/06/abbotsford-manure-dump-homeless_n_3398629.html | ref=harv | accessdate=February 18, 2015}}</ref> Similar instances of using chicken manure in this manner have occurred in British Columbia in Surrey and in Port Coquitlam, the latter of which occurred "shortly after the Abbotsford incident".<ref name="CP"/>


==Slang term==
==Slang term==

Revision as of 17:50, 18 February 2015

A chicken manure sample being collected for a nutrient analysis

Chicken shit is used as an organic fertilizer, especially for soil low in nitrogen.[1] "Of all animal shits... it is the richest in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium."[2] Chicken shit is sometimes pelletized for use as a fertilizer, and this product may have additional phosphorus, potassium or nitrogen added.[3] Optimal storage conditions for chicken shit includes it being kept in a covered area and retaining its liquid, because a significant amount of nitrogen exists in the urine.[4]

Fresh chicken shit contains approximately 1.5% nitrogen.[5] One chicken produces approximately 8-11 pounds of shit monthly.[5] Chicken shit can be used to create homemade plant fertilizer.[5]

Studies

In 1986, a master's thesis study in the Philippines compared the effects of using various fertilizers to enhance milkfish production in brackish water ponds.[6] The study compared the use of using chicken shit only, cow manure only, 16-20-0 fertilizer only, a mixture of cow manure and 16-20-0 fertilizer, a mixture of chicken shit and 16-20-0 fertilizer, and a control group that used no fertilizer.[6] The study concluded that the use of cow dung only as a fertilizer fared best, and the use of chicken shit only as a fertilizer fared second best.[6]

  • Chicken sheds at Balado Airfield, Scotland. Poultry sheds like this are common in the Kinross area of Scotland. Manure from the sheds is now collected for use as fuel in a biomass-burning power station at Westfield in Fife.
    Chicken sheds at Balado Airfield, Scotland. Poultry sheds like this are common in the Kinross area of Scotland. Manure from the sheds is now collected for use as fuel in a biomass-burning power station at Westfield in Fife.
  • A poultryman in 1943 on a Hampshire County farm in England moves a poultry fold into line with the others in the field. Each of these chicken sheds contains 25 birds. They are moved their length every day, providing fresh ground for the hens to feed on and also making sure that the chicken manure is spread across the whole field.
    A poultryman in 1943 on a Hampshire County farm in England moves a poultry fold into line with the others in the field. Each of these chicken sheds contains 25 birds. They are moved their length every day, providing fresh ground for the hens to feed on and also making sure that the chicken manure is spread across the whole field.
  • A manure car for the transport of chicken manure at a chicken house in Dolores, Colorado
    A manure car for the transport of chicken manure at a chicken house in Dolores, Colorado

Pollution

Mass applications of chicken shit may create an unpleasant odor. In Apil 2014 in Escondido, California, a golf course that had "dumped" chicken shit on its grounds was cited by the county government after complaints from local residents about the odor.[7]

In December 2011, the environmental group Environment Maryland asserted that water runoff from agricultural land fertilized with chicken shit was increasing the pollution levels of Chesapeake Bay.[8] The group asserted that excessive phosphorus from the runoff was contributing to the increase of dead zones in the bay.[8]

Human deterrent

Chicken shit has been used as a human deterrent. In July 2013 in Abbotsford, British Columbia, city workers applied chicken shit at a tent encampment to deter homeless people from the area.[9] The affected homeless planned on initiating small claims lawsuits for loss of property and property damage.[9] One of the affected homeless people described the tactics of city workers as "...a chicken shit way to do things".[10] The mayor of Abbotsford and the Fraser Valley city manager later apologized regarding the incident.[9][11] Similar instances of using chicken manure in this manner have occurred in British Columbia in Surrey and in Port Coquitlam, the latter of which occurred "shortly after the Abbotsford incident".[9]

Slang term

Chicken shit, or more commonly chickenshit, is also used as a slang term. The online Merriam-Webster dictionary defines chickenshit (one word) as a vulgar adjective with two possible meanings: "petty, insignificant" or " lacking courage, manliness, or effectiveness".[12] The term has been used figuratively since 1929 to allege cowardice.[13][14] The alternate meaning of "petty, insignificant nonsense" may be used as either a noun or an adjective.[15] According to Paul Fussell in his book Wartime, chickenshit in this sense has military roots: "Chickenshit is so called -- instead of horse -- or bull -- or elephant shit -- because it is small-minded and ignoble and takes the trivial seriously."[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ Telkamp, Mick. "The Straight Poop On Using Chicken Manure as Fertilizer". Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  2. ^ Deborah L. Martin and Grace Gershuny, ed. (1992). The Rodale Book of Composting: Easy Methods for Every Gardener (revised ed.). Rodale. p. 126. ISBN 9780878579914.
  3. ^ Barrett, J. (2008). FCS Soil Science L3. FET college series. Pearson Education South Africa. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-77025-114-4.
  4. ^ Pullin, R.S.V.; Shehadeh, Z.H. (1980). Integrated Agriculture-aquaculture Farming Systems: Proceedings of the ICLARM-SEARCA Conference on Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Farming Systems, Manila, Philippines, 6-9 August 1979. ICLARM conference proceedings. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management. p. 80.
  5. ^ a b c Foreman, Patricia; Long, Cheryl. "Chickens in the Garden: Eggs, Meat, Chicken Manure Fertilizer and More". Mother Earth News. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  6. ^ a b c Garcia, Y.T.; Aragon, C.T.; Dator, M.A.L. Milkfish Bibliography A Compilation of Abstracts on Milkfish Studies. WorldFish. p. 191.
  7. ^ "Chicken manure stink could be costly". U-T San Diego. April 14, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  8. ^ a b "Chicken manure adds to Chesapeake Bay pollution, group says". WTOP. December 28, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  9. ^ a b c d "Big Stink Over Manure Dump". The Huffington Post. July 24, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  10. ^ "Abbotsford Homeless Campers Clash With City, Police". The Huffington Post. June 19, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2015. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  11. ^ "Chicken Poop Scheme Shames Mayor". The Huffington Post. June 6, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2015. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  12. ^ "chickenshit". Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  13. ^ Partridge, Eric (2006). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A-I. Vol. I (reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 389. ISBN 9780415259378.
  14. ^ Walt, Steven M. "Netanyahu's Not Chickenshit, the White House Is". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ Liberman, Mark (May 21, 2007). "Language Log". Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  16. ^ "Chickenshit". Languagehat.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

Further reading

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