Chlorine pentafluoride
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.734 | ||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| ClF5 | |||
| Molar mass | 130.445 g mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | colorless gas | ||
| Density | 4.5 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | −103 °C (−153 °F; 170 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −13.1 °C (8.4 °F; 260.0 K) | ||
| hydrolyzes | |||
| Structure | |||
| Square pyramidal | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
310.73 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−238.49 kJ mol−1 | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF5. It was first synthesized in 1963.[1]
Its square pyramidal structure with C4v symmetry was confirmed by its high resolution19F NMR spectrum.[2]
Preparation
Initially, a common method for synthesis of this hypervalent molecule was to react ClF3 with F2 at high temperatures and high pressures. Also, reacting metal fluorides, MClF4 (i.e. KClF4, RbClF4, CsClF4) with F2 produced ClF5 and the corresponding MF.[1] In 1981, researchers found that NiF2 is an excellent catalyst for generating ClF5.[3]
Reactions
Water easily hydrolyses ClF5 to produce chloric and hydrofluoric acids.
ClF5 + 3H2O → HClO3 + 5HF
It is also a strong fluorinating agent. It reacts readily with all elements at room temperature except helium, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, chlorine, argon and maybe krypton, xenon, radon .[2]
See also
References
- ^ Smith D. F. (1963). "Chlorine Pentafluoride". Science. 141 (3585): 1039–1040. doi:10.1126/science.141.3585.1039. PMID 17739492.
- ^ a b Pilipovich, D., Maya, W., Lawton, E.A., Bauer, H.F., Sheehan, D. F., Ogimachi, N. N., Wilson, R. D., Gunderloy, F. C., Bedwell, V. E. (1967). "Chlorine pentafluoride. Preparation and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 6 (10): 1918. doi:10.1021/ic50056a036.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Šmalc, A., Žemva, B., Slivnik, J., and Lutar K. (1981). "On the Synthesis of Chlorine Pentafluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 17 (4): 381–383. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)81783-2.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)