Chlorophyllin

Chlorophyllin
Names
	Other names Natural green 3, E141
Identifiers
CAS Number	11006-34-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChemSpider	4586363 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.117
PubChem CID	5479494;
UNII	1D276TYV9O ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1045956 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C34H36N4O6/c1-7-19-15(3)23-12-25-17(5)21(9-10-29(39)40)32(37-25)22(11-30(41)42)33-31(34(43)44)18(6)26(38-33)14-28-20(8-2)16(4)24(36-28)13-27(19)35-23/h7,12-14,17,21,35-36H,1,8-11H2,2-6H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)/b23-12-,24-13-,25-12-,26-14-,27-13-,28-14-,32-22-,33-22-/t17-,21-/m0/s1 Key: OYINILBBZAQBEV-HHGNVTQFSA-N ; InChI=1/C34H36N4O6/c1-7-19-15(3)23-12-25-17(5)21(9-10-29(39)40)32(37-25)22(11-30(41)42)33-31(34(43)44)18(6)26(38-33)14-28-20(8-2)16(4)24(36-28)13-27(19)35-23/h7,12-14,17,21,35-36H,1,8-11H2,2-6H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)/b23-12-,24-13-,25-12-,26-14-,27-13-,28-14-,32-22-,33-22-/t17-,21-/m0/s1 Key: OYINILBBZAQBEV-HHGNVTQFBL;
	SMILES C=CC3=C(C)C4=CC(C(C)C8CCC([O-])=O)=[N@]2C8=C(CC([O-])=O)C1=C(C([O-])=O)C(C)=C7N1[Cu@]52[N@@]6=C(C(C)=C(CC)C6=C7)C=C3N45.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]; O=C(O)CC[C@@H]5c3nc(cc4c(c(\C=C)c(cc1c(c(c(n1)cc\2nc(/C(=C/2C)C(=O)O)c3CC(=O)O)CC)C)n4)C)[C@H]5C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C34H31CuN4Na3O6
Molar mass	724.15 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chlorophyllin refers to any one of a group of closely related water-soluble salts that are semi-synthetic derivatives of chlorophyll, differing in the identity of the cations associated with the anion. Its most common form is a sodium/copper derivative used as a food additive and in alternative medicine. Chlorophyll is present in green leafy vegetables and reaching levels as high as 5.7% in spinach.^[1] As a food coloring agent, copper complex chlorophyllin is known as natural green 3 and has the E number E141.^[2]

Uses

Cancer prevention

Because chlorophyll does not dissolve in water, food sources of chlorophyll do not bind to mutagenic substances to a significant extent. Chlorophyllin, being water-soluble, can significantly bind to environmental mutagens such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene^[3] and dibenzo{a,i}pyrene.^[1] Chlorophyllin binds to mutagens twenty times better than resveratrol and thousands of times better than xanthines.^[4]

Medicine and hygiene

Chlorophyllin is the active ingredient in a number of internally taken preparations intended to reduce odors associated with incontinence, colostomies and similar procedures, as well as body odor in general. It is also available as a topical preparation, purportedly useful for both treatment and odor control of wounds, injuries, and other skin conditions—notably radiation burns.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b Castro DJ, Löhr CV, Fischer KA, Waters KM, Webb-Robertson BJ, Dashwood RH, Bailey GS, Williams DE (2009). "Identifying efficacious approaches to chemoprevention with chlorophyllin, purified chlorophylls and freeze-dried spinach in a mouse model of transplacental carcinogenesi". CARCINOGENESIS. 30 (2): 315–320. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn280. PMC 2722150. PMID 19073876.
^ "Duranat Cu Chlorophyllin WSP (Natural Green 3-1 CI 75810-1)". Retrieved 15 October 2012.
^ Keshava C, Divi RL, Einem TL, Richardson DL, Leonard SL, Keshava N, Poirier MC, Weston A (2009). "Chlorophyllin significantly reduces benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and alters cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 expression and EROD activity in normal human mammary epithelial cells". ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS. 50 (2): 134–144. doi:10.1002/em.20449. PMC 2637934. PMID 19152381.
^ Osowski A, Pietrzak M, Wieczorek Z, Wieczorek J (2010). "Natural compounds in the human diet and their ability to bind mutagens prevents DNA-mutagen intercalation". JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, PART A. 73 (17–18): 1141–1149. doi:10.1080/15287394.2010.491044. PMID 20706936.

External links

Chlorophyll and Chlorophyllin, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University
2002 Video from CNN
Food-Info.net

[DJCastro-1] Castro DJ, Löhr CV, Fischer KA, Waters KM, Webb-Robertson BJ, Dashwood RH, Bailey GS, Williams DE (2009). "Identifying efficacious approaches to chemoprevention with chlorophyllin, purified chlorophylls and freeze-dried spinach in a mouse model of transplacental carcinogenesi". CARCINOGENESIS. 30 (2): 315–320. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn280. PMC 2722150. PMID 19073876.

[2] "Duranat Cu Chlorophyllin WSP (Natural Green 3-1 CI 75810-1)". Retrieved 15 October 2012.

[3] Keshava C, Divi RL, Einem TL, Richardson DL, Leonard SL, Keshava N, Poirier MC, Weston A (2009). "Chlorophyllin significantly reduces benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and alters cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 expression and EROD activity in normal human mammary epithelial cells". ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS. 50 (2): 134–144. doi:10.1002/em.20449. PMC 2637934. PMID 19152381.

[4] Osowski A, Pietrzak M, Wieczorek Z, Wieczorek J (2010). "Natural compounds in the human diet and their ability to bind mutagens prevents DNA-mutagen intercalation". JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, PART A. 73 (17–18): 1141–1149. doi:10.1080/15287394.2010.491044. PMID 20706936.

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