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Chun Chik-yu

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Chun Chik-yu
Chun Chik-yu in western suit
Governor of Guangdong
In office
August 15, 1922 – January 19, 1923
Preceded byWei Bangping
Succeeded byHu Hanmin
Personal details
BornJune 12, 1859
Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Kingdom
DiedOctober 18, 1936(1936-10-18) (aged 77)
Resting placeMeixi
SpouseJulien Chang
Children3
OccupationBusinessman
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese陈席儒
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinChén Xírú
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingcan4 zik6 jyu4

Chun Chik-yu (Chinese: 陳席儒; Jyutping: can4 zik6 jyu4); June 12, 1859 – October 18, 1936) was a Chinese-Hawaiian businessman who served briefly as Governor of Guangdong Province from 1922 to 1923. He was born Toney Afong, full name Antone Abram Kekapala Keawemauhili Afong.

Early life

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He was born on June 12, 1859,[note 1] the eldest son and second child of Chun Afong and Julia Fayerweather Afong. Considered the first Chinese millionaire in Hawaii, his father was a wealthy Honolulu merchant originally from Zhuhai, Guangdong. His mother was a British-Hawaiian woman of aliʻi (noble) descent. He had fifteen siblings and at least three half-siblings from his father's first wife Lee Hong in China.[2][3][note 2]

Afong took Toney to China in June 1862. He left his Hawaiian son to live with his Chinese wife and family in Meixi and took his eldest Chinese son Alung back to Hawaii to raise in each other's respective culture for the next seven years. Toney returned with Afong and his half-brother in 1869. Back in Honolulu, Alung was enrolled at Punahou School (called Oahu College) and Toney at ʻIolani School (called St. Alban's College). Both brothers were prepared for college at Hartford Public High School in Connecticut.[5][6][7] Alung later enrolled in Yale University under the tutelage of Yung Wing.[8] Toney was also said to have enrolled in either Trinity College, Yale or Harvard University, although there are no known records of his attendance in either of these institutions.[9][10][11][note 3]

Career

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Unlike his Hawaiian siblings, Toney later left Hawaii and settled in China with his father. He became a successful businessman in Hong Kong and Macau with another half-brother Chun Kang-yu. They invested heavily in real estate, shipping, railroads, merchandising, and agriculture. He was influential in the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong and instrumental in the founding of the University of Hong Kong.[13][14]

The brothers were early supporters of Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China who had also been a student at Punahou School in Honolulu. They later allied themselves with Guangdong warlord Chen Jiongming who advocated for a federalist model of government based on the United States against Sun's centralized approach based on Russia. With the backing of Chen, Toney was elected as governor of Guangdong from 1922 to 1923 before being ousted by supporters of Sun. His son Chun Wing-Sen, who became a general under Chen, was shot and killed in the streets of Hong Kong in 1924, possibly a political assassination. Toney retired to Macau and spent the rest of his life collecting Chinese antiques.[14]

Personal life

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He married Julien Chang and had three children: Chun Wing-Sen (陳永善), Irene Chun Wing-Luen, Chun Wing-Keu. He also had six concubines but did not have children with them. Irene married T. Y. Lau, the son of Lew Yuk Lin, the last Qing Dynasty ambassador to the Court of St James's.[3][13] His son Chun Wing-Sen (1827–1924) was a member of the Yale College class of 1912 and became a general under Chen Jiongming before his death.[14][10]

Notes

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  1. ^ His certificate of Hawaiian birth issued by the Territory of Hawaii in 1904 recorded his birth date as July 12, 1859 instead.[1]
  2. ^ Chun Afong maintained his marriage in China to Lee Hong, his primary kit-fat wife (结发妻), while he married Julia Fayerweather in Hawaii.[4]
  3. ^ According to historian Bob Dole, "Yale University has Chun Lung’s records, but I have yet to document that Toney went to Harvard. I am relying here on what some descendants were told. Also, Toney is thought by some descendants to have attended Trinity (Hartford) or Yale, but neither college has a record of his attendance."[12]

References

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  1. ^ Chang, Lum & Luke 1988, p. 125.
  2. ^ Lam 1932, pp. 1–7.
  3. ^ a b Dye 1997, p. front.
  4. ^ Dye 1997, p. 223.
  5. ^ Dye 2010, p. 26.
  6. ^ Dye 1997, p. 126.
  7. ^ Restarick 1924, pp. 195–196.
  8. ^ Teng 2013, p. 42.
  9. ^ Dye 2010, pp. 26, 35.
  10. ^ a b Proctor 1912, p. 49.
  11. ^ Taylor, Clarice B. (November 25, 1953). "Story of the Afong Family-43". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  12. ^ Dye 2010, p. 35.
  13. ^ a b Dye 1997, p. 229.
  14. ^ a b c Dye 2010, pp. 32–33.

Bibliography

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