Clavioline
The clavioline is an electronic keyboard instrument, a forerunner to the analog synthesizer.
It was invented by Constant Martin in 1947 in Versailles.[1] It consists of a keyboard and a separate amplifier and speaker unit. The keyboard usually covered three octaves, and had a number of switches to alter the tone of the sound produced, add vibrato, and provide other effects. The Clavioline used a vacuum tube oscillator to produce a buzzy waveform, almost a square wave, which could then be altered using high-pass and low-pass filtering, as well as the vibrato. The amplifier also deliberately provided a large amount of distortion.[2]
Several models were produced by different companies; among the more important were the Standard, Reverb, and Concert models by Gibson and Selmer in the 1950s. The 6-octave model developed by Harald Bode employed octave transposition. In England the Jennings Organ Company's first successful product was the Univox, an early self-powered electronic keyboard based on the Selmer Clavioline.[3] Also in Japan, Ace Tone's first prototype, Canary S-2 (1962) was designed based on Clavioline.[4]
Recordings
The clavioline has been utilized on a number of recordings in popular music as well as in film. A selection follows.
- "Little Red Monkey" (1953) by Frank Chacksfield’s Tunesmiths features Jack Jordan on clavioline.
- In 1953–54, Van Phillips composed music for the clavioline for the science-fiction radio trilogy Journey Into Space.[5]
- In the Bollywood Hindi film Nagin (1954), Kalyanji Virji Shah plays the snake-charmer tune "Man dole mera, tan dole mere" on the clavioline, under the musical direction of Hemant Kumar.[6]
- "Runaway" (1961) by Del Shannon features a bridge solo by Max Crook, performed on a heavily modified clavioline that he called the “Musitron”.[1]
- The Joe Meek instrumental "Telstar" (1962) by The Tornados features the Univox Clavioline, as well as does the B-side, "Jungle Fever".
- The jazz albums The Magic City (1966) and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two (1966) by Sun Ra include clavioline
- Icky Thump (2007) by the White Stripes.[citation needed]
- "Good morning" (2012) by BAM
- John Lennon played the clavioline in the song "Baby, You're a Rich Man", which appears on the Beatles album Magical Mystery Tour.
- John Barry of the John Barry Seven made a recording called "Starfire" which featured the instrument, and it was on the 45 single version of his theme for the TV series Fireball XL5.
See also
References
- ^ a b http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/mar07/articles/clavioline.htm
- ^ Reid, Gordon. “The Story of the Clavioline.” Sound on Sound (March 2007)
- ^ Music Soul, Vox Electronic Organs.
- ^ All About Electronic & Electric Musical Instruments. Seibundo ShinkoSha. 1966. p. 32. ASIN B000JAAXH6, 電子楽器と電気楽器のすべて.
- ^ Interview with Charles Chilton on “Round Midnight”, BBC Radio 2, 1989.
- ^ Carlo Nardi (July 2011). "The Cultural Economy of Sound: Reinventing Technology in Indian Popular Cinema". Journal on the Art of Record Production, Issue 5. ISSN 1754-9892
