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Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays

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Further information: Comparison of display technology

Technology
Parameter
 CRT LCD Plasma OLED
Static contrast ratio Typical 200–300:1[1][2] 150 to 8,100:1[3][4] Typically 1,000:1 - 3,000:1, Some models measured up to 20,333:1 [5] "Between 0.0001 and 0.00001 nits" "Sony claims an OLED contrast range of 1,000,000:1."[6]
Peak luminosity 176 cd/m2[1] 200–4,000 cd/m2[7][8] 50–200 cd/m2[1] 100–700 cd/m2[9]
Color depth 8-bit per subpixel resolution; offers better resolution for grayscale[citation needed] 6- to 10-bit per subpixel panels;[10] smaller dot pitch, better detail[11] 6- to 8-bit per subpixel panels 8- to 10-bit per subpixel, with some HDR models capable of 12-bit per subpixel.[12]
Response time 0.01 ms[13] to less than 1 µs,[14] but limited by phosphor decay time (around 5 ms)[15] 1–8 ms typical (according to manufacturer data), older units could be as slow as 35 ms[16] Typically less than 0.01 ms, as low as 2 µs,[13][17] but limited by phosphor decay time (around 5 ms) Estimates varying from under 0.01 ms to as low as 1 µs.[18][19]
Frame rate (refresh rate) 60–85 fps typically, some CRTs can go even higher (200 fps at reduced resolution[20]);
internally, display refreshed at input frame rate speed 		60 fps typically, some gaming monitors can do up to 500 fps;
internally, display refreshed at up to 500 fps[21][22] 		60 fps typically, some can do 120 fps;
internally, display refreshed at e.g. 480 or 600 fps[23] 		60 fps typically. Up to 175 fps.[24]
Flicker Perceptible on lower refresh rates (60 fps and below)[25] Depends; in 2013 most LCDs used PWM (strobing) to dim the backlight[26] However, since then many flicker free LCD computer monitors were introduced.[27] Does not normally occur due to a high refresh rate higher than FPS[28] Does not normally occur at 100% brightness level. At levels below 100% flicker often occurs with frequencies between 60 and 255 Hz, since often pulse-width modulation is used to dim OLED screens.[29][30]
Risk of image persistence or burn-in High[31] Low[31] High[31] Medium[32]
Energy consumption and heat generation High[33] Low[33]
 Varies with brightness but usually higher than LCD[34][35][36][37] Varies based on image brightness and color. For the majority of images it will consume 60–80% of the power of an LCD.

OLED displays use 40% of the power of an LCD displaying an image that is primarily black as they lack the need for a backlight,[38] while OLED can use more than three times as much power to display a mostly white image compared to an LCD.[39]

Environmental influences Sensitive to ambient magnetic fields, which can adversely affect convergence and color purity. Prone to malfunctions on both low (below −20 °C, −4 °F) or high (above 45 °C, 113 °F) temperatures[40] High altitude pressure difference may cause poor function or buzzing noises[41] Can have poor brightness.
Electro-magnetic radiation emission Can emit a small amount of X-ray radiation. Only emits non-ionizing radiation.[42] Emits strong radio frequency electromagnetic radiation[43] No, control circuitry may emit radio interference
Size Up to 43″ (1.09 m)[44] Up to 120″ (3.04 m)[45] Up to 150″ (3.8 m)[46] (152" experimental)[47] Up to 88″ (2.24 m)[48]
Maintenance Hazardous to repair or service due to high-voltage,
requires skilled convergence calibration and adjustments for geographic location changes.[49] Glass display tube is evacuated and carries risk of implosion if improperly handled. 		Risky and expensive to repair due to complexity of the display;[50] units with mercury CCFL backlight lamps are an environmental health hazard[51] Screen itself cannot be repaired if the gas used to generate images leaks[52]
Other No native resolution. Currently, the only display technology capable of multi-syncing (displaying different resolutions and refresh rates without the need for scaling).[53] Display lag is extremely low due to its nature, which does not have the ability to store image data before output, unlike LCDs, plasma displays and OLED displays.[54] Extremely bulky and heavy construction in comparison to other display technologies. Large displays would be unsuitable for wall mounting. New models are no longer produced. The LCD grid can mask effects of spatial and grayscale quantization, creating the illusion of higher image quality.[55]
Is the cheapest display technology currently produced, with some entry-level models selling for less than $100. 		Screen-door effects are more noticeable than LCD when up close, or on larger sizes.[56] New models are no longer produced. Colored sub-pixels may age at different rates, leading to a color shift. Sensitive to UV light from direct sunlight. Is considered the highest quality but also the most expensive display technology currently produced, with products rarely being available for less than $1200.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Display Technology Shoot-Out Part I". www.displaymate.com.
  2. ^ Evaluation of the Sony GDM-FW900 16:10 Aspect Ratio, 24-Inch Diagonal Flat Face CRT Color Monitor (PDF), National Technology Alliance, National Information Display Laboratory, 2001-09-06
  3. ^ "Review Sony Vaio VPC-SA2Z9E/B (i7, SSD, HD 6630M) Subnotebook". Notebookcheck. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  4. ^ "Samsung The Frame 2020 Review  – RTINGS.com". www.rtings.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  5. ^ "Panasonic TX-P60ZT65B (ZT65) Plasma TV Review". www.avforums.com. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  6. ^ "GEEK OUT: The Non-Technical Technical Guide to Sony OLED Monitors". ProVideo Coalition. 7 March 2012. Retrieved 2021-12-11."Sony claims an OLED contrast range of 1,000,000:1. When I asked how the contrast could be so high I was told that the surface is SO black the contrast is almost infinite. If the number representing the dark end of the contrast scale is nearly zero then dividing that number into the brightest value results in a very, very high contrast ratio." Pixels can reset to black nearly instantaneously, so black levels remain consistently as black as they can be.
  7. ^ "Peak Brightness of TVs: Max luminosity and HDR highlights". RTINGS.com. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
  8. ^ "GDS Launches 4,000cd/m² High Bright LCD Displays for Full Outdoor Applications". Railway Technology. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
  9. ^ "LG C7 OLED Review (OLED55C7P, OLED65C7P) – RTINGS.com". www.rtings.com. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  10. ^ "What is Samsung's SUHD?". CNET. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  11. ^ "COP 3502 Introduction to Computer Science" (PDF).
  12. ^ "4K HDR – what is it, and what's the different between 8,10, and 12-bit HDR?". dgit.com. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
  13. ^ a b "Plasmas - Pros & Cons". 2017-01-12. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  14. ^ Thomas Thiemann (27 August 2009). "An investigation of the test process used to date for determining the response time of an LCD monitor, known as input lag". prad.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  15. ^ "Phosphor Layer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  16. ^ "LCD Monitors, TVs: Electronics – Microcenter", Scroll down and look at the bar on the left to see the number of monitors they offer that have certain specifications. Retrieved April 2013
  17. ^ "Plasma response times". www.ihdtvreview.com. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  18. ^ "LG 55EM9700 | OLED-Info". www.oled-info.com. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  19. ^ Pino, Nick; Porter, Jon; TV, Henry St Leger 2018-09-25T22:00:00Z. "OLED TV: what you need to know". TechRadar. Retrieved 2019-02-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Armstrong, M; Flynn, D; Hammond, M; Jolly, S; Salmon, R (September 2008), High Frame-Rate Television (PDF), British Broadcasting Company
  21. ^ "Alienware reveals its first 500Hz gaming monitor". engadget.com.
  22. ^ HDTV Refresh Rates Explained: 60 Hz, 120 Hz, and Beyond, Retrieved April 2013
  23. ^ "What is 600 Hz Sub Field Drive?", Retrieved April 2013
  24. ^ "Dell Alienware AW3423DW Monitor Review". RTINGS.com.
  25. ^ "CRT Monitor Flickering?". Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  26. ^ Explanation of why pulse width modulated backlighting is used, and its side-effects, "Pulse Width Modulation on LCD monitors", TFT Central. Retrieved June 2012.
  27. ^ "Flicker Free Monitor Database on tftcentral.co.uk".
  28. ^ "Possible Causes for a Flickering LCD TV Screen". It Still Works.
  29. ^ "Pulse-width modulation (PWM) in OLED displays | OLED-Info". www.oled-info.com.
  30. ^ Schmitt, Florian. "Analysis: DC Dimming vs. PWM – Can you dim AMOLED displays without the flickering?". Notebookcheck.
  31. ^ a b c Gordon, Whitson. "Is "Burn-In" Still an Issue on TVs and Monitors?". Lifehacker. Retrieved 2018-09-20.
  32. ^ John Archer. "The OLED Screen Burn Debate - Everything You Need To Know". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  33. ^ a b Tom's Hardware: Power Consumption Benchmark Results for CRT versus TFT LCD "Benchmark Results: Different Brightness Testing"
  34. ^ "LCD vs Plasma TVs". Which?. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  35. ^ "Plasma vs LCD power consumption shootout". Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  36. ^ "Plasma vs LCD vs LED - Digital Direct". www.digitaldirect.co.uk.
  37. ^ "Power!". Sound & Vision. January 31, 2006.
  38. ^ "How OLEDs Work". HowStuffWorks. 2005-03-24. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  39. ^ Stokes, Jon (2009-08-11). "This September, OLED no longer "three to five years away"". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  40. ^ "Support | Samsung US". Samsung Electronics America.
  41. ^ PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com Plasma TVs at Altitude
  42. ^ "Do TVs emit harmful radioactive rays?". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  43. ^ eham Amateur Radio Forum "Plasma TV – Mother of All RFI Producers", Retrieved April 2013[unreliable source?]
  44. ^ Robertson, Adi (February 6, 2018). "Inside the desperate fight to keep old TVs alive". The Verge.
  45. ^ "Sharp's new 120-inch 8K display features 2,048 dimming zones, a 120Hz refresh rate, and more". TechSpot.
  46. ^ Dugan, Emily (8 January 2008). "6ft by 150 inches – and that's just the TV". The Independent. London.
  47. ^ "World's biggest TV: Panasonic's 4K2K 3D 152-inch Plasma". January 12, 2010.
  48. ^ Katzmaier, David. "LG 88-inch 8K OLED TV costs $30,000, impresses friends and neighbors". CNET.
  49. ^ "Monitors: Earth's Magnetic Field Affects Performance". Apple Support Knowledgebase. Apple. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  50. ^ "HP Notebook PCs – Diagnosing a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) for Damage". 2017-01-12. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  51. ^ "LCD and LED TV Care Guide; How to clean and maintain an LCD or LED Television". 2016-01-11. Archived from the original on 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  52. ^ "Plasma Repair Answers".
  53. ^ "What means Native Resolution? - AfterDawn". www.afterdawn.com.
  54. ^ "Meleeiton.me". Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  55. ^ M. d'Zmura, T. P. Janice Shen, Wei Wu, Homer Chen, and Marius Vassiliou (1998), "Contrast Gain Control for Color Image Quality," IS&T/SPIE Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging III, San Jose, California, January 1998, SPIE Vol. 3299, 194–201.
  56. ^ "Plasma Television Guide". 2012-04-26. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
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