Conflicts in the Horn of Africa

The Horn of Africa.

This is a list of conflicts in the Horn of Africa, which includes the nations of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia.

Ancient

• Invasion of Ancient Egypt by the Kingdom of Kush and the Land of Punt, 17th century BC

Medieval and Early Modern

• Ifat's conquest of Shewa, c. 1285
• Abyssinian-Adal War between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Sultanate, 1529-1559
• Ajuran-Portuguese wars, throughout the 16th and 17th century
• Gobroon-Bardera war, late 18th century
• First Italo-Ethiopian War between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire, 1895–1896

Early 20th Century

• Dervish resistance against the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Italy, the Ethiopian Empire, and other Somalis, 1899–1920
• World War I
  • East African Campaign between the German Empire and the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Portuguese Empire, and the Kingdom of Belgium, 1914–1918
• Second Italo-Ethiopian War between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire, 1935–1936
• World War II
  • East African Campaign between the Kingdom of Italy and the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Kingdom of Belgium, and the Ethiopian Empire, 1940–1941

Post-World War II

• Eritrean War of Independence 1961 - 1991, between Eritrean liberation fronts (primarily the EPLF and early on also the ELF) and the Ethiopian Empire (1961–1974) and Marxist Derg-ruled Ethiopia (1974–1991)
• Shifta War 1963-1967, separatist insurgency by ethnic Somalis in Kenya
• Ethiopian Civil War 1974-1991, between the Derg (ruling government of Ethiopia) and various rebel groups, as well as amongst the rebel groups, including the Marxist Ethiopian EPRP, MEISON, and TPLF, the Eritrean EPLF, ELF, the monarchist EDU (in the first stage of the war), and the Somali WSLF; included Red Terror
• Ogaden War 1977 - 1978, between Ethiopia and Somalia
• 1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War
• Somali Civil War 1986–present (several issues involved)
  • Operation Restore Hope - 1992 - 1993, UN intervention
  • War in Somalia - 2006 - 2009, Ethiopian intervention

Post-Cold War

• Djiboutian Civil War 1991 - 1994
• Hanish Islands conflict, 1995, between Yemen and Eritrea over the island of Greater Hanish in the Red Sea
• Insurgency in Ogaden 1995 - 2008
  • 2007 Ogaden conflict between Ethiopia and the ONLF
• Ethiopian-Eritrean War 1998 - 2000, between Eritrea and Ethiopia
• Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa October 2002 – present, between NATO and al-Qaeda
• Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict June 10–13, 2008, between Eritrea and Djibouti

See also

• Political history of Eastern Africa (for ancient, medieval, and early modern conflicts)

General

• History of Djibouti
• History of Eritrea
• History of Ethiopia
• History of Somalia

References

• Horn of Africa Concerns from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives