Conversion of scales of temperature

This is a compendium of temperature conversion formulas and comparisons among eight different temperature scales, several of which have long been obsolete.

Celsius (centigrade)

Temperature conversions
	from Celsius	to Celsius
Kelvin	x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) K	x K ≘ (x − 273.15) °C
Fahrenheit	x °C ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ + 32) °F	x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C
Rankine	x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) × ⁠9/5⁠ °R	x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C

Fahrenheit

Temperature conversions
	from Fahrenheit	to Fahrenheit
Celsius	x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C	x °C ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ + 32) °F
Kelvin	x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ K	x K ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ − 459.67) °F
Rankine	x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) °R	x °R ≘ (x − 459.67) °F

Kelvin

Temperature conversions
	from Kelvin	to Kelvin
Celsius	x K ≘ (x − 273.15) °C	x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) K
Fahrenheit	x K ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ − 459.67) °F	x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ K
Rankine	x K ≘ x × ⁠9/5⁠ °R	x °R ≘ x × ⁠5/9⁠ K

Rankine

Temperature conversions
	from Rankine	to Rankine
Celsius	x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C	x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) × ⁠9/5⁠ °R
Kelvin	x °R ≘ x × ⁠5/9⁠ K	x K ≘ x × ⁠9/5⁠ °R
Fahrenheit	x °R ≘ (x − 459.67) °F	x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) °R

Delisle

Temperature conversions
	from Delisle	to Delisle
Celsius	x °De ≘ (100 − x × ⁠2/3⁠) °C	x °C ≘ (100 − x) × ⁠3/2⁠ °De
Kelvin	x °De ≘ (373.15 − x × ⁠2/3⁠) K	x K ≘ (373.15 − x) × ⁠3/2⁠ °De
Fahrenheit	x °De ≘ (212 − x × ⁠6/5⁠) °F	x °F ≘ (212 − x) × ⁠5/6⁠ °De
Rankine	x °De ≘ (671.67 − x × ⁠6/5⁠) °R	x °R ≘ (671.67 − x) × ⁠5/6⁠ °De

Newton

Temperature conversions
	from Newton	to Newton
Celsius	x °N ≘ x × ⁠100/33⁠ °C	x °C ≘ x × ⁠33/100⁠ °N
Kelvin	x °N ≘ (x × ⁠100/33⁠ + 273.15) K	x K ≘ (x − 273.15) × ⁠33/100⁠ °N
Fahrenheit	x °N ≘ (x × ⁠60/11⁠ + 32) °F	x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠11/60⁠ °N
Rankine	x °N ≘ (⁠60/11⁠ x + 491.67) °R	x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠11/60⁠ °N

Réaumur

Temperature conversions
	from Réaumur	to Réaumur
Celsius	x °Ré ≘ x × ⁠5/4⁠ °C	x °C ≘ x × ⁠4/5⁠ °Ré
Kelvin	x °Ré ≘ (x × ⁠5/4⁠ + 273.15) K	x K ≘ (x − 273.15) × ⁠4/5⁠ °Ré
Fahrenheit	x °Ré ≘ (x × ⁠9/4⁠ + 32) °F	x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠4/9⁠ °Ré
Rankine	x °Ré ≘ (x × ⁠9/4⁠ + 491.67) °R	x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠4/9⁠ °Ré

Rømer

Temperature conversions
	from Rømer	to Rømer
Celsius	x °Rø ≘ (x − 7.5) × ⁠40/21⁠ °C	x °C ≘ (x × ⁠21/40⁠ + 7.5) °Rø
Kelvin	x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × ⁠40/21⁠ + 273.15) K	x K ≘ ((x − 273.15) × ⁠21/40⁠ + 7.5) °Rø
Fahrenheit	x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × ⁠24/7⁠ + 32) °F	x °F ≘ ((x − 32) × ⁠7/24⁠ + 7.5) °Rø
Rankine	x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × ⁠24/7⁠ + 491.67) °R	x °R ≘ ((x − 491.67) × ⁠7/24⁠ + 7.5) °Rø

Comparison

Celsius	Fahrenheit	Kelvin	Rankine	Delisle	Newton	Réaumur	Rømer
500.00	932.00	773.15	1391.67	−600.00	165.00	400.00	270.00
490.00	914.00	763.15	1373.67	−585.00	161.70	392.00	264.75
480.00	896.00	753.15	1355.67	−570.00	158.40	384.00	259.50
470.00	878.00	743.15	1337.67	−555.00	155.10	376.00	254.25
460.00	860.00	733.15	1319.67	−540.00	151.80	368.00	249.00
450.00	842.00	723.15	1301.67	−525.00	148.50	360.00	243.75
440.00	824.00	713.15	1283.67	−510.00	145.20	352.00	238.50
430.00	806.00	703.15	1265.67	−495.00	141.90	344.00	233.25
420.00	788.00	693.15	1247.67	−480.00	138.60	336.00	228.00
410.00	770.00	683.15	1229.67	−465.00	135.30	328.00	222.75
400.00	752.00	673.15	1211.67	−450.00	132.00	320.00	217.50
390.00	734.00	663.15	1193.67	−435.00	128.70	312.00	212.25
380.00	716.00	653.15	1175.67	−420.00	125.40	304.00	207.00
370.00	698.00	643.15	1157.67	−405.00	122.10	296.00	201.75
360.00	680.00	633.15	1139.67	−390.00	118.80	288.00	196.50
350.00	662.00	623.15	1121.67	−375.00	115.50	280.00	191.25
340.00	644.00	613.15	1103.67	−360.00	112.20	272.00	186.00
330.00	626.00	603.15	1085.67	−345.00	108.90	264.00	180.75
320.00	608.00	593.15	1067.67	−330.00	105.60	256.00	175.50
310.00	590.00	583.15	1049.67	−315.00	102.30	248.00	170.25
300.00	572.00	573.15	1031.67	−300.00	99.00	240.00	165.00
290.00	554.00	563.15	1013.67	−285.00	95.70	232.00	159.75
280.00	536.00	553.15	995.67	−270.00	92.40	224.00	154.50
270.00	518.00	543.15	977.67	−255.00	89.10	216.00	149.25
260.00	500.00	533.15	959.67	−240.00	85.80	208.00	144.00
250.00	482.00	523.15	941.67	−225.00	82.50	200.00	138.75
240.00	464.00	513.15	923.67	−210.00	79.20	192.00	133.50
230.00	446.00	503.15	905.67	−195.00	75.90	184.00	128.25
220.00	428.00	493.15	887.67	−180.00	72.60	176.00	123.00
210.00	410.00	483.15	869.67	−165.00	69.30	168.00	117.75
200.00	392.00	473.15	851.67	−150.00	66.00	160.00	112.50
190.00	374.00	463.15	833.67	−135.00	62.70	152.00	107.25
180.00	356.00	453.15	815.67	−120.00	59.40	144.00	102.00
170.00	338.00	443.15	797.67	−105.00	56.10	136.00	96.75
160.00	320.00	433.15	779.67	−90.00	52.80	128.00	91.50
150.00	302.00	423.15	761.67	−75.00	49.50	120.00	86.25
140.00	284.00	413.15	743.67	−60.00	46.20	112.00	81.00
130.00	266.00	403.15	725.67	−45.00	42.90	104.00	75.75
120.00	248.00	393.15	707.67	−30.00	39.60	96.00	70.50
110.00	230.00	383.15	689.67	−15.00	36.30	88.00	65.25
100.00	212.00	373.15	671.67	0.00	33.00	80.00	60.00
90.00	194.00	363.15	653.67	15.00	29.70	72.00	54.75
80.00	176.00	353.15	635.67	30.00	26.40	64.00	49.50
70.00	158.00	343.15	617.67	45.00	23.10	56.00	44.25
60.00	140.00	333.15	599.67	60.00	19.80	48.00	39.00
50.00	122.00	323.15	581.67	75.00	16.50	40.00	33.75
40.00	104.00	313.15	563.67	90.00	13.20	32.00	28.50
30.00	86.00	303.15	545.67	105.00	9.90	24.00	23.25
20.00	68.00	293.15	527.67	120.00	6.60	16.00	18.00
10.00	50.00	283.15	509.67	135.00	3.30	8.00	12.75
0.00	32.00	273.15	491.67	150.00	0.00	0.00	7.50
−10.00	14.00	263.15	473.67	165.00	−3.30	−8.00	2.25
−20.00	−4.00	253.15	455.67	180.00	−6.60	−16.00	−3.00
−30.00	−22.00	243.15	437.67	195.00	−9.90	−24.00	−8.25
−40.00	−40.00	233.15	419.67	210.00	−13.20	−32.00	−13.50
−50.00	−58.00	223.15	401.67	225.00	−16.50	−40.00	−18.75
−60.00	−76.00	213.15	383.67	240.00	−19.80	−48.00	−24.00
−70.00	−94.00	203.15	365.67	255.00	−23.10	−56.00	−29.25
−80.00	−112.00	193.15	347.67	270.00	−26.40	−64.00	−34.50
−90.00	−130.00	183.15	329.67	285.00	−29.70	−72.00	−39.75
−100.00	−148.00	173.15	311.67	300.00	−33.00	−80.00	−45.00
−110.00	−166.00	163.15	293.67	315.00	−36.30	−88.00	−50.25
−120.00	−184.00	153.15	275.67	330.00	−39.60	−96.00	−55.50
−130.00	−202.00	143.15	257.67	345.00	−42.90	−104.00	−60.75
−140.00	−220.00	133.15	239.67	360.00	−46.20	−112.00	−66.00
−150.00	−238.00	123.15	221.67	375.00	−49.50	−120.00	−71.25
−160.00	−256.00	113.15	203.67	390.00	−52.80	−128.00	−76.50
−170.00	−274.00	103.15	185.67	405.00	−56.10	−136.00	−81.75
−180.00	−292.00	93.15	167.67	420.00	−59.40	−144.00	−87.00
−190.00	−310.00	83.15	149.67	435.00	−62.70	−152.00	−92.25
−200.00	−328.00	73.15	131.67	450.00	−66.00	−160.00	−97.50
−210.00	−346.00	63.15	113.67	465.00	−69.30	−168.00	−102.75
−220.00	−364.00	53.15	95.67	480.00	−72.60	−176.00	−108.00
−230.00	−382.00	43.15	77.67	495.00	−75.90	−184.00	−113.25
−240.00	−400.00	33.15	59.67	510.00	−79.20	−192.00	−118.50
−250.00	−418.00	23.15	41.67	525.00	−82.50	−200.00	−123.75
−260.00	−436.00	13.15	23.67	540.00	−85.80	−208.00	−129.00
−270.00	−454.00	3.15	5.67	555.00	−89.10	−216.00	−134.25
−273.15	−459.67	0.00	0.00	559.725	−90.1395	−218.52	−135.90375
Celsius	Fahrenheit	Kelvin	Rankine	Delisle	Newton	Réaumur	Rømer

Comparison of temperature scales

**Comparison of temperature scales**
Comment	Kelvin	Celsius	Fahrenheit	Rankine	Delisle	Newton	Réaumur	Rømer
Absolute zero	0.00	−273.15	−459.67	0.00	559.73	−90.14	−218.52	−135.90
Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth^[1]	184	−89.2^[1]	−128.6^[1]	331	284	−29	−71	−39
Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture	255.37	−17.78	0.00	459.67	176.67	−5.87	−14.22	−1.83
Ice melts (at standard pressure)	273.15	0.00	32.00	491.67	150.00	0.00	0.00	7.50
Triple point of water	273.16	0.01	32.018	491.688	149.985	0.0033	0.008	7.50525
Average surface temperature on Earth	288	15	59	519	128	5	12	15
Average human body temperature*	310	37	98	558	95	12	29	27
Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth^[2]	331	58^[2]	136.4^[2]	596	63	19	46	38
Water boils (at standard pressure)	373.1339^[3]	99.9839^[3]^{[dead link‍]}	211.97102^[4]	671.64102^[4]	0.00	33.00	80.00	60.00
Titanium melts	1941	1668	3034	3494	−2352	550	1334	883
The surface of the Sun	5800	5500	9900	10400	−8100	1800	4400	2900

* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.^[5]

Some numbers in this table have been rounded.

Graphical representation

								Rankine (°R)
								Kelvin (K)
								Fahrenheit (°F)
								Celsius (°C) Réaumur (°Ré) Rømer (°Rø) Newton (°N)
								Delisle (°D)
Absolute zero	Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth^[1]	Fahrenheit's ice/water/salt mixture	Melting point of ice (at standard pressure)	Average surface temperature on Earth (15 °C)	Average human body temperature (37 °C)	Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth^[2]	Boiling point of water (at standard pressure)

Conversion table between different temperature units

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth; researches of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d World: Highest Temperature Archived January 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine; an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned."
^ ^a ^b http://chemistry.uah.edu/Faculty/shriver/supplements/Temperature%20scales.pdf^{[permanent dead link‍]} The University of Alabama in Huntsville – Temperature scales – Celsius, centigrade, and kelvin
^ ^a ^b http://www.tampile.com/scales.php Tampile – Temperature Conversion Scales
^ "Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)". Hypertextbook.com. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

External links

[VS-1] The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth; researches of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).

[ASU-2] World: Highest Temperature Archived January 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine; an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned."

[UAH-3] ttp://chemistry.uah.edu/Faculty/shriver/supplements/Temperature%20scales.pdf^{[permanent dead link‍]} The University of Alabama in Huntsville – Temperature scales – Celsius, centigrade, and kelvin

[TAM-4] ttp://www.tampile.com/scales.php Tampile – Temperature Conversion Scales

[5] "Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)". Hypertextbook.com. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

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