Cormohipparion

Cormohipparion; Temporal range: Late Miocene–Pliocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Cormohipparion and Teleoceras in the Ashfall Fossil Beds
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Equidae
Subfamily:	Equinae
Genus:	†Cormohipparion; Skinner & MacFadden, 1977
Type species
	†Hipparion occidentale;
Subgenera and Species
	†Cormohipparion †C. (C.) fricki Woodburne, 2007; †C. (C.) goorisi MacFadden and Skinner, 1981; †C. (C.) johnsoni Woodburne, 2007; †C. (C.) matthewi Woodburne, 2007; †C. (C.) merriami Woodburne, 2007; †C. (C.) occidentale (Leidy, 1856) (type); †C. (C.) quinni Woodburne, 1996; †C. (C.) skinneri Woodburne, 2007; †Notiocradohipparion †C. (N.) plicatile (Leidy, 1887); †C. (N.) ingenuum (Leidy, 1885); †C. (N.) emsliei Hulbert, 1988;

Cormohipparion is an extinct genus of horse belonging to the tribe Hipparionini that lived in North America during the late Miocene to Pliocene (Barstovian-Hemphilian).

Taxonomy

The genus Cormohipparion was coined for the extinct hipparionin horse "Equus" occidentale, described by Joseph Leidy in 1856.^[1] However it was soon argued that the partial material fell within the range of morphological variation seen in Hipparion, and that the members of Cormohipparion belonged instead within Hipparion.^[2] This rested on claims that pre-orbital morphology did not have any taxonomic significance, a claim that detailed study of quarry sections later showed to be false.^[3] A reappraisal of many horse genera was thus conducted in 1984,^[4] and the proposed synonymy was not acknowledged by later literature.^[5]

The genus is considered to represent an ancestor to Hippotherium.^[6] Its fossils have been recovered from as far south as Mexico.^[7]

References

^ Skinner, M. F.; MacFadden, B. J. (1977). "Cormohipparion n. Gen. (Mammalia, Equidae) from the North American Miocene (Barstovian-Clarendonian)". Journal of Paleontology. 51 (5). Paleontological Society: 912–926. doi:10.2307/1303763. JSTOR 1303763.
^ Forsten, A. (1982). "The Status of the Genus Cormohipparion Skinner and MacFadden (Mammalia, Equidae)". Journal of Paleontology. 56 (6). Paleontological Society: 1332–1335. doi:10.2307/1304669. JSTOR 1304669.
^ MacFadden, B. J.; Skinner, M. F. (1982). "Hipparion Horses and Modern Phylogenetic Interpretation_ Comments on Forsten's View of Cormohipparion". Journal of Paleontology. 56 (6). Paleontological Society: 1336–1342. doi:10.2307/1304670. JSTOR 1304670.
^ MacFadden, BJ (1984). "Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the new world". American Museum of Natural History.
^ Hulbert Jr, R. C. (1988). "A New Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Pliocene (Latest Hemphillian and Blancan) of Florida". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 7 (4). The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: 451–468. doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011675. JSTOR 4523166.
^ Woodburne, M. O. (2005). "A New Occurrence of Cormohipparion, with Implications for the Old World Hippotherium Datum". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25: 256–252. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0256:ANOOCW]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Bravo-Cuevas, V. M.; Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I. (2008). "Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Middle Miocene of Oaxaca, Southeastern Mexico". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28: 243. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[243:CMPEFT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.

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[1] Skinner, M. F.; MacFadden, B. J. (1977). "Cormohipparion n. Gen. (Mammalia, Equidae) from the North American Miocene (Barstovian-Clarendonian)". Journal of Paleontology. 51 (5). Paleontological Society: 912–926. doi:10.2307/1303763. JSTOR 1303763.

[2] Forsten, A. (1982). "The Status of the Genus Cormohipparion Skinner and MacFadden (Mammalia, Equidae)". Journal of Paleontology. 56 (6). Paleontological Society: 1332–1335. doi:10.2307/1304669. JSTOR 1304669.

[3] MacFadden, B. J.; Skinner, M. F. (1982). "Hipparion Horses and Modern Phylogenetic Interpretation_ Comments on Forsten's View of Cormohipparion". Journal of Paleontology. 56 (6). Paleontological Society: 1336–1342. doi:10.2307/1304670. JSTOR 1304670.

[4] MacFadden, BJ (1984). "Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the new world". American Museum of Natural History.

[5] Hulbert Jr, R. C. (1988). "A New Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Pliocene (Latest Hemphillian and Blancan) of Florida". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 7 (4). The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: 451–468. doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011675. JSTOR 4523166.

[6] Woodburne, M. O. (2005). "A New Occurrence of Cormohipparion, with Implications for the Old World Hippotherium Datum". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25: 256–252. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0256:ANOOCW]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.

[7] Bravo-Cuevas, V. M.; Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I. (2008). "Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Middle Miocene of Oaxaca, Southeastern Mexico". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28: 243. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[243:CMPEFT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.

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