Cryptachaea
| Cryptachaea | |
|---|---|
| |
| female C. projectivulva | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | Cryptachaea Archer, 1946
|
| Type species | |
| Theridion catapetraeum Gertsch & Archer, 1942
| |
| Species | |
|
see text | |
| Diversity | |
| c. 70 species | |
Cryptachaea is a genus of spiders in the Theridiidae (tangle web spider) family.
Taxonomy
Many species in this genus used to reside in Achaearanea, which received a major revision in 2008.[1] The genus was originally established as a subgenus of Theridion.[2]
Distribution
This is mostly a New World genus, with many species in South America. One species is cosmopolitan, one species occurs in the whole Palearctic, another only in China.[1] C. veruculata was introduced to Europe from New Zealand.
Name
The genus name is a combination of Achaea, the old name of the genus Achaearanea, and Ancient Greek κρυπτός "hidden". The genus is called Iwama-himegumo zoku in Japanese.[2]
Species
- Cryptachaea acoreensis (Berland, 1932) — Cosmopolitan
- Cryptachaea alacris (Keyserling, 1884) — Colombia, Venezuela
- Cryptachaea altiventer (Keyserling, 1884) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea amazonas Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012[3]
- Cryptachaea ambera (Levi, 1963) — USA
- Cryptachaea analista (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea anastema (Levi, 1963) — Venezuela
- Cryptachaea azteca (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) — Mexico
- Cryptachaea banosensis (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
- Cryptachaea barra (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea bellula (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea blattea (Urquhart, 1886) — cosmopolitan[4]
- Cryptachaea caliensis (Levi, 1963) — Colombia, Ecuador
- Cryptachaea canionis (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929) — USA
- Cryptachaea caqueza (Levi, 1963) — Colombia
- Cryptachaea chilensis (Levi, 1963) — Chile
- Cryptachaea chiricahua (Levi, 1955) — USA
- Cryptachaea cinnabarina (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea dromedariformis (Roewer, 1942) — Ecuador, Peru
- Cryptachaea eramus (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea fresno (Levi, 1955) — USA
- Cryptachaea gigantea (Keyserling, 1884) — Peru
- Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) — Australia, New Zealand[5]
- Cryptachaea hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) — Panama to Argentina
- Cryptachaea ingijonathorum Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012[3]
- Cryptachaea inops (Levi, 1963) — Brazil, Guyana
- Cryptachaea insulsa (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) — USA, Mexico
- Cryptachaea isana (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea jequirituba (Levi, 1963) — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
- Cryptachaea kaspi (Levi, 1963) — Peru
- Cryptachaea koepckei (Levi, 1963) — Peru
- Cryptachaea lota (Levi, 1963) — Chile
- Cryptachaea manzanillo (Levi, 1959) — Mexico
- Cryptachaea maraca (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea meraukensis (Chrysanthus, 1963) — New Guinea
- Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884) — Venezuela to Peru, Brazil
- Cryptachaea milagro (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
- Cryptachaea maldonado Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012[3]
- Cryptachaea nayaritensis (Levi, 1959) — Mexico
- Cryptachaea oblivia (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Costa Rica, Panama
- Cryptachaea orana (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
- Cryptachaea pallipera (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963) — Paraguay
- Cryptachaea passiva (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea pilaton (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
- Cryptachaea pinguis (Keyserling, 1886) — Brazil, Uruguay
- Cryptachaea porteri (Banks, 1896) — USA to Panama, West Indies
- Cryptachaea projectivulva (Yoshida, 2001) — Japan
- Cryptachaea pura (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) — Mexico
- Cryptachaea pusillana (Roewer, 1942) — French Guiana
- Cryptachaea pydanieli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea rapa (Levi, 1963) — Paraguay
- Cryptachaea rioensis (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834) — Palearctic
- Cryptachaea rostra (Zhu & Zhang, 1992) — China
- Cryptachaea rostrata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Mexico to Venezuela
- Cryptachaea rupicola (Emerton, 1882) — USA, Canada
- Cryptachaea schneirlai (Levi, 1959) — Panama
- Cryptachaea schraderorum (Levi, 1959) — Costa Rica
- Cryptachaea serenoae (Gertsch & Archer, 1942) — USA
- Cryptachaea sicki (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea taeniata (Keyserling, 1884) — Guatemala to Peru
- Cryptachaea tovarensis (Levi, 1963) — Venezuela
- Cryptachaea trinidensis (Levi, 1959) — Trinidad, Peru
- Cryptachaea uviana (Levi, 1963) — Peru
- Cryptachaea veruculata (Urquhart, 1886) — Australia, New Zealand, England, Belgium
- Cryptachaea vivida (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
- Cryptachaea zonensis (Levi, 1959) — Panama to Peru, Brazil
Notes
- ^ a b Platnick 2009
- ^ a b Yoshida 2008
- ^ a b c Buckup, E.H.; Marques, M.A.L.; Rodrigues, E.N.L. 2012: Três novas espécies sul-americanas de Cryptachaea e acréscimos taxonômicos em Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae) [Three new South American species of Cryptachaea and taxonomic additions in Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae).] Iheringia série zoologia, 102(2): 206-211. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212012000200013
- ^ Vink, C.J.; Dupérré, N.; Paquin, P.; Fitzgerald, B.M.; Sirvid, P.J. 2009: The cosmopolitan spider Cryptachaea blattea (Urquhart 1886) (Araneae: Theridiidae): redescription, including COI sequence, and new synonymy. Zootaxa, 2133: 55-63. Abstract & excerpt
- ^ Smith, H.M.; Vink, C.J.; Fitzgerald, B.M.; Sirvid, P.J. 2012: Redescription and generic placement of the spider Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) (Araneae: Theridiidae) and notes on related synanthropic species in Australasia. Zootaxa, 3507: 38-56. Preview PDF
References
- Yoshida, Hajime (2008): A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica 57(1): 37-40. PDF[permanent dead link]
- Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.
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