Culham Inlet
Culham Inlet is an inlet located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. The inlet is also referred to as a coastal salt lake or a transient estuary, as the sand bar that prevents it discharging is almost always closed. The wetlands formed by the system are DIWA listed due to their ecological significance.[1]
The inlet is located on the eastern flank of East Mount Barren[2] in the Fitzgerald River National Park and is approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) West of Hopetoun.
The inlet is a wave dominated estuary with a degraded catchment, that is a result of substantial clearing and a saline run-off. It covers a total area of 11.3 square kilometres (4 sq mi).[3] The lagoon area is shallow with a typical maximum depth of 2 metres (7 ft) with a record depth of 4.5 metres (15 ft) recorded after exceptional rainfall. Two rivers discharge into the inlet, the Phillips and the Steere.
The inlet is separated from the Southern Ocean by a bar of dunes between 30 metres (98 ft) to 40 metres (131 ft) wide. The dunes are breached intermittently, breaking naturally in 1849, 1872,[4] 1919,[4] 1993 and 2000[5] and artificially in 1920, each time for a period of 3 to 4 weeks.
The inlet was a river valley prior to 6,500 years ago when a rise in sea levels caused the valley to flood, it would have remained an open estuary until 3,500 years ago when the sand bar at the entrance built up to such a degree that discharge into the ocean was prevented. Then further dune building occurred so that breaks became less frequent.[6]
The area periodically supports a large array of flora and fauna. It is used as a commercial fishery and supplied large catches of Black Bream. The waters also support populations of smaller endemic species such as Goby and two Hardyheads. A large population of waterbirds is also found in the area with up to 25 species being recorded in the inlet.
The inlet was named by John Septimus Roe, who named the inlet in 1848 after the Toodyay homestead of his son in law, Samuel Pole Phillips.[7]
References
- ^ "Southern Prospects - The South Coast Regional Strategy for Natural Resource Management" (PDF). 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "About Australia - Culham Inlet". 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
- ^ "Estuary Assessment Framework for Non-pristine estuaries - Estuary 638 - Culham Inlet". 2004. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "The Ravensthorpe Country". Katanning, WA: Great Southern Herald. 21 May 1919. p. 3. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- ^ "South Coast Rivercare - Culham Inlet". 2001. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
- ^ "History and Management of Culham Inlet, a coastal salt lake in South Western Australia" (PDF). 1997. Archived from the original on 16 September 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Australian Dictionary of Biography - Phillips, Samuel Pole (1819 - 1901)". 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2009.