DEFA4

DEFA4
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1ZMM
Identifiers
Aliases	DEFA4, DEF4, HNP-4, HP-4, HP4, defensin alpha 4
External IDs	OMIM: 601157; MGI: 3711900; HomoloGene: 48059; GeneCards: DEFA4; OMA:DEFA4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (human)
End	6,938,306 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (mouse)
End	21,556,012 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	bone marrow; ; bone marrow cells; ; monocyte; ; blood; ; granulocyte; ; spleen; ; right lung; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; placenta; ; right lobe of liver;
	Top expressed in
	ileum; ; jejunum; ; duodenum; ; embryo; ; colon; ; pancreas; ; thymus; ; esophagus; ; liver; ; stomach;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein homodimerization activity;
Cellular component	Golgi lumen; extracellular region; azurophil granule; extracellular space; specific granule lumen;
Biological process	defense response; defense response to bacterium; neutrophil degranulation; innate immune response; antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; T cell chemotaxis; antimicrobial humoral response; killing of cells of other organism; defense response to fungus; innate immune response in mucosa; antibacterial humoral response; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; membrane disruption in other organism; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1669
	100041688
	ENSG00000164821; ENSG00000285318
	ENSMUSG00000061845
	P12838
	E9QLQ1
	NM_001925
	NM_001177481
	NP_001916
	NP_001170952
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Defensin, alpha 4 (DEFA4), also known as neutrophil defensin 4 or HNP4, is a human defensin peptide that is encoded by the DEFA4 gene.^[5]^[6] HNP4 is expressed in the granules of the neutrophil where it defends the host against bacteria^[7] and viruses.^[8]

Function

Defensins are a peptide family of cytotoxic microbicides involved in innate immunity.^[9] Members of the defensin family are distinguished by a conserved six-cysteine motif. Several human alpha defensin genes including HNP4 are clustered on chromosome 8. DEFA4 differs from other defensin genes by an extra 83-base segment that is apparently the result of a recent duplication within the coding region. HNP4 inhibits corticotropin-stimulated corticosterone production.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ENSG00000285318 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164821, ENSG00000285318 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061845 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: DEFA4; defensin, alpha 4, corticostatin (Homo sapiens)".
^ Wu Z, Ericksen B, Tucker K, et al. (2004). "Synthesis and characterization of human alpha-defensins 4-6". J Pept Res. 64 (3): 118–25. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00179.x. PMID 15317502.
^ Ericksen B, Wu Z, Lu W, Lehrer RI (2005). "Antibacterial Activity and Specificity of the Six Human α-Defensins". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49 (1): 269–75. doi:10.1128/AAC.49.1.269-275.2005. PMC 538877. PMID 15616305.
^ Wu Z, Cocchi F, Gentles D, et al. (3 January 2005). "Human neutrophil alpha-defensin 4 inhibits HIV-1 infection in vitro". FEBS Lett. 579 (1): 162–6. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.062. PMID 15620707.
^ T Ganz; M E Selsted; D Szklarek; et al. (1985). "Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils". J Clin Invest. 76 (4): 1427–1435. doi:10.1172/JCI112120. PMC 424093. PMID 2997278.

Function

References

Further reading