De Rotterdam
| De Rotterdam | |
|---|---|
 North-side of De Rotterdam | |
  Location in Rotterdam, Netherlands | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Residence, Office, Leisure |
| Location | Rotterdam (Wilhelmina Pier) |
| Coordinates | 51°54′24″N 4°29′17″E / 51.90667°N 4.48806°E |
| Construction started | 2009 |
| Completed | 2013 |
| Opening | 2013 |
| Cost | €340,000,000 |
| Height | |
| Tip | 149.1 m (489.2 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 44 |
| Floor area | 160,000 m2 (1,722,226 sq ft) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Rem Koolhaas (Office for Metropolitan Architecture) |
De Rotterdam is a building on the Wilhelminapier in Rotterdam, designed by Rem Koolhaas in 1998. The complex is located between the KPN Tower and Rotterdam Cruise Terminal and was finalized at the end of 2013. On 21 November 2013, the municipality of Rotterdam, as the largest user, received the keys. The design provides space for offices, a hotel and apartments. The 44 floors amount to a total floor space area of about 160,000 m²,[1] making it the largest building in the Netherlands.[2]
Realization
Construction began in 2009, when the municipality committed itself to hire 25,000 m² of the office space. The highest point (at 149 meters) was reached at the end of 2012, and the building was ready on its scheduled date of November 15, 2013.[3][4][5] The total cost at the start of construction in 2009 was estimated to be €340,000,000.[6]
Appearance and construction
When designing the structure, Koolhaas, who once considered a career in film, reasoned that the most frequent view of these structures would be in motion, from the window of a car.[2] As the view changes, the towers, rising from a shared six-story plinth, separate and then merge.[2] The building consists of three interconnected towers that share a thirty feet high base which includes six floors.[7] The lower two layers form a large glass plinth. At about 90 meters above ground the towers -known as West Tower, Mid Tower and East Tower- are shifted a few meters in different directions, which enhances the wind stability and provides space for terraces.[3] In the original design the towers did not touch each other, but in order to simplify the play of forces and to keep the construction affordable they are now connected in a few places. The facade provides the option of natural ventilation. On the west side there are balconies that are accessible from the apartments.
Usage
De Rotterdam is designed for residency, labor and leisure. The largest part is intended as office space and residency. It has 240 apartments, 72,000 m2 of offices, conference rooms and an underground parking with two floors providing over 684 parking spaces[3] There is also a hotel with 285 rooms and 1500 m2 is assigned to cafes and restaurants. For fitness facilities 2,500 m2 is reserved and for shops 5,000 m2. The functions are grouped into blocks, but the different user groups meet at various places in the building, a concept that is defined by the architectural firm OMA as a vertical city.[8] De Rotterdam will be used daily by about 5,000 people[7] and with a floor space index of 32 De Rotterdam forms the most densely built part of the Netherlands.
References
- ^ Template:Nl icon "De Rotterdam opgeleverd", de Architect, 22 November 2013.
- ^ a b c Lubow, Arthur (9 June 2014). "Rem Koolhaas Is Not a Starchitect". The W Magazine. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
- ^ a b c Template:Nl icon De Rotterdam, top010.nl. Retrieved on 28 November 2013
- ^ Template:Nl icon De Rotterdam, Kopvanzuid.info.
- ^ Template:Nl icon "Op het topje van het grootste gebouw van Nederland", Algemeen Dagblad, 19 July 2013.
- ^ Template:Nl icon "Groot project Rem Koolhaas in Rotterdam", Het Parool, 10 July 2009.
- ^ a b Template:Nl icon De Rotterdam: Verticale stad van Rem Koolhaas op hoogste punt, OVG Real Estate. Retrieved on 18 November 2013.
- ^ Template:Nl icon Sander Pleij, "Architectuur: de verticale stad", Vrij Nederland, 14 June 2013.
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