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Dmitri Pavlichenko

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Dmitri Valeriyevich Pavlichenko (Belarusian: Дзьмітры Валер'евіч Паўлічэнка, Russian: Дмитрий Валерьевич Павличенко; alternative spellings: Dmitry, Dzmitry, Dzmitri, Vasilyevich, Pavliuchenko, Pawliuchenka; born 1966 in Vitebsk) is head of the Belarusian Special Rapid Reaction Unit (SOBR).

Allegations of assassinations

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In February 2004, Christos Pourgourides of the Council of Europe's Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights reported concerns suggesting that Dmitri Pavlichenko, along with other "senior officials of the State" had been involved in the assassination of several people, including senior politicians.[1]

He stated that the Chief of the Criminal Police of Belarus, General Lapatik, in a handwritten note on November 21, 2000, accused Dmitri Pavlichenko of assassinating Jury Zacharanka, a former Minister of the Interior who disappeared on May 7, 1999, with a PB pistol, normally used for carrying out the death penalty at SIZO-1 prison, officially signed out from SIZO-1 on the orders of the Minister of the Interior, Sivakov. He also stated suspicions that Pavlichenko was involved in the disappearances of Victor Gonchar, Vice-President of the Parliament of Belarus and businessman Anatoly Krasovski on September 16, 1999.

Pavlichenko was arrested on November 22, 2000. According to Pourgourides' report, the warrant stated (translation)

The materials of the operational investigation contain trustworthy data confirming that Dmitry Vasiliyevich Pavlichenko is the organiser and head of a criminal body engaged in abduction and physical elimination of people. In particular, the criminal group headed by D.V. Pavlichenko was involved in assassinating G. V. Samoylov, the leader of the RNE, Belarusian unregistered regional organisation, as well as in murdering other individuals. Taking into consideration the fact that D.V. Pavlichenko and his criminal group may commit further crimes of particular violence, [...], decided [to apply a preventive detention for 30 days].

— Chief of the Belarusian KGB, Lt. Gen. Uładzimir Mackievič [ru] (December 1995–November 2000), [1]

While the warrant stated that the detention would be for 30 days, Pavlichenko was released a few days later, either on November 23 (according to Prosecutor General Viktor Sheyman, who became Prosecutor General on November 27) or on November 27 (according to Colonel Oleg Alkayev [ru], head of SIZO-1 at the time, who was later granted political asylum in Germany). Pourgourides states that the Zakharenko family's lawyer, Volchek, stated that President Alexander Lukashenko had personally ordered Pavlichenko's release from prison. The Head of KGB (Mackiewicz) and other top Belarusian officials were fired for the arrest. He also states that the Minister of Agriculture, Leonov, had personally told him that Lukashenko had "violently criticised the KGB for arresting Pavlichenko" on television. Lukashenko also immediately (in November 2000) fired the Head of KGB and some other top Belarusian officials for the arrest of Pavlichenko and attempts to investigate the murders.

The Governing Council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union has expressed its concern about these allegations.[2] Pavlichenko is now subject to international sanctions of the United States,[3] the European Union,[4] the United Kingdom,[5] Switzerland[6] and Canada[7] among with several other Belarusian senior officials and politicians.

See also: List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus

In December 2019, Deutsche Welle published a documentary film in which Yury Garavski, a former member of a special unit of the Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs, confirmed that it was his unit which had arrested, taken away Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar and Anatol Krassouski and that it was Pavlichenko who by hand shot them dead.[8]

In August 2020, he was identified as the commander of an OMON detachment during the 2020 Belarusian protests.[9][10][11]

References

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  1. ^ a b Pourgourides, Christos; Committee on Legal Affairs; Human Rights; Council of Europe (February 2004). "Disappeared persons in Belarus". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  2. ^ "CASE No BLS/05 - VICTOR GONCHAR: Resolution adopted by the Governing Council at its 176th session (Manila, 8th April 2005)". Inter-Parliamentary Union. 2005-04-08. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  3. ^ "Executive Order: Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus". georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. 2006-06-19. Archived from the original on 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
  4. ^ "COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1159/2014 of 30 October 2014 implementing Article 8a(1) of Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 concerning restrictive measures in respect of Belarus". Europa. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  5. ^ "CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK" (PDF). gov.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  6. ^ "Sanctions program: Belarus: Verordnung vom 11. Dezember 2020 über Massnahmen gegenüber Belarus (SR 946.231.116.9), Anhang 1 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art. 2 Abs. 1 (Finanzsanktionen) und Art. 3 Abs. 1 (Ein- und Durchreiseverbot)" (PDF). Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft. 2021-07-07. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-07. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  7. ^ "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2022-167". Canada Gazette. 2022-06-25. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  8. ^ Belarus: How death squads targeted opposition politicians
  9. ^ "СМИ рассказали, как командир "эскадрона смерти" разгонял демонстрантов в Минске". gordonua.com. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
  10. ^ "Каратель по вызову" (in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
  11. ^ "СМИ узнали, кто руководил жестоким разгоном демонстрантов в Минске" (in Russian). Ukrayinska Pravda. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
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