Draft:Concentration camp of Darnytsia
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| Concentration camp of Darnytsia | |
|---|---|
| Nazi concentration camp | |
 The monument to the prisioners | |
| Coordinates | 50°25′46″ N 30°41′41″ S |
| Other names | Stalag 339 Kiew-Darniza |
| Location | Darnytskyi District, Kyiv, Reichskommissariat Ukraine |
| Operated by | Schutzstaffel |
| Operational | September 1941 - September 1943 |
| Number of inmates | More than 300,000 |
| Killed | 70,000 |
| Liberated by | 1st Ukrainian Front |
The concentration camp of Darnytsia (UkrInian. Дарницький концтабір) was one of the largest Nazi concentration camp in Ukraine created during the World War II on the outskirts of Kyiv
History
[edit]This concentration camp was created in the first days of the occupation of Kyiv - starting from September 21, 1941. It was built to house tens of thousands of prisoners of war and civilians. According to the materials and instructions of the Wehrmacht command, a regime was developed that provided for the systematic reduction of the population of the occupied territories by extermination [1].
The camp occupied an area of 1.5 square kilometers and was surrounded by a fence made of barbed wire in 4-5 rows and 4 meters high, which was divided into separate sectors and departments by the same fence. There were watchtowers with machine guns in the corners. Security was provided by specially selected and trained guards with dogs. There was a so-called hospital in a small, cramped room of the old factory, where wounded and sick prisoners were kept. None of the people in this "hospital" survived [2].
It was originally designed by the Nazis as an infiltration camp, it initially held between 30,000 and 35,000 local residents and prisoners of war, but later this number grew. The occupiers classified the prisoners by nationality and political views - the Jews were immediately shot. In total, over 300,000 people passed through it in two years - most of them prisoners of war and civilians. The prisoners were given water with beets and 150-200 grams of bread per person once or twice a day [3].
At first, the prisoners slept on the street and did not eat anything for 10-15 days. At the slightest manifestation of discontent, the prisoners were immediately shot. People who showed moral stability were beaten with sticks and whips, also used dogs. Those who survived were forced into hard and futile labor, such as digging trenches that were never used [4].
In four warehouses, the prisoners were demonstratively provided with several beds for 3-4 places, but most of them slept on the floor. The Germans werent gived them even the opportunity to maintain hygiene, the territory of the camp was not heated in winter, which led to the occurrence of stomach diseases with the consequences of mass death [5].
In June 1943, in connection with the offensive of the Soviet troops, the concentration camp was transferred to Berdychiv and finally liquidated on September 28, 1943. In 1968 was created an memorial complex [6].
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Преступные цели — преступные средства: документы об оккупационной политике фашистской Германии на территории СССР (1942—1944 гг.). М., 1968
- ^ Звід пам'яток історії та культури України: Київ, кн. 1, ч. 2. К., 2004.
- ^ Коваль М. В., «Шлак війни. Наші військовополонені у 1941—1944 роках». «Політика і час», 1999 рік, № 2—3.
- ^ Киевщина в годы Великой Отечественной войны 1941—1945: Сборник документов. К., 1963
- ^ Довідник про табори, тюрми та гетто на окупованій території України (1941—1944). К., 2000Звід пам'яток історії
- ^ Г. Г. Денисенко. Меморіальний комплекс на честь загиблих радянських воїнів у Дарницькому нацистському таборі в м. Київ [Архівовано 14 квітня 2016 у Wayback Machine.] // Енциклопедія історії України : у 10 т. / редкол.: В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. ; Інститут історії України НАН України. — К. : Наукова думка, 2009. — Т. 6 : Ла — Мі. — С. 604.