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Draft:No Māori Allowed

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No Māori Allowed is a 2022 New Zealand documentary film directed by Corinna Hunziker and produced by Megan Jones and Reikura Kah.[1] It explores Pukekohe's history of anti-Māori racism and racial segregation. It was based on American medical sociologist and University of Auckland senior lecturer Robert Bartholomew's 2020 book No Maori Allowed.[2][3] It was released on TVNZon 18 October 2022.[2][4]

Background

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In 2020, Bartholomew's self-published No Māori Allowed: New Zealand's Forgotten History of Racial Segregation, which looked at the history of racial segregation and discrimination against Māori people in the Auckland suburb of Pukekohe.[5] During the early 20th century, several landless Māori from the Waikato migrated to Pukekohe to work in the township's market gardens as itinerant agricultural workers.[6] Many of these Māori workers and their families lived in substandard accommodation including shacks and sheds with no sanitation or plumbing. These contributed to an array of health problems and diseases among Pukekohe's Māori community.[7] According to Bartholomew's research, 73% (237) of all Māori deaths aged 14 years and under in Pukekohe between 1925 and 1961 were caused by preventable conditions linked to poverty and poor housing such as bronchitis, diphtheria, dysentry, gastroenteritis, malnutrition, measles, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and whooping cough.[8]

Between the 1930s and early 1960s, the Pukekohe Borough Council, the Franklin District Council, the Pukekohe Growers Association, and local leaders such as Deputy Mayor Parvin and Mayor Max Grierson blocked attempts by the New Zealand Government and Māori community groups such as the Pukekohe Māori Women's Club to establish public housing for Māori residents. At the time, many European residents were unwilling to live with Māori neighbours while horticultural producers regarded their Māori tenants as a source of cheap labour. Following a measles outbreak in 1938 that ultimately killed 29 Māori children and infants, Māori tenants were temporarily moved into tents. During the Second World War, Māori tenants were housed in army huts as a temporary substitute for shacks and sheds. By the early 1950s, these army huts had deteriorated. In 1951, Māori Affairs Department secured a section of land known as the "Kennelly Block" in North Pukekohe to build houses for Māori tenants. By 1961, 65 Māori homes had been built in the Kennelly Block. In 1961, the Franklin District Council unsuccessfully attempted to restrict Māori housing to North Pukekohe but were blocked by the-then Minister of Māori Affairs Ralph Hanan.[9]

In addition to substandard housing, Bartholomew argued that Pukekohe's Māori population experienced discrimination and segregation in accessing education, health services, public toilets, transportation, and local businesses between the 1920s and early 1960s. Several pubs, barbers, and restaurants either refused to serve Māori or maintained separate facilities for Europeans and non-Whites including Māori. Local businesses and banks were unwilling to loan to Māori patrons. Māori riding buses were expected to give up their seats for European customers.[10] The Strand cinema maintained separate seating areas for Māori patrons.[11]

During the 1940s and 1950s, Pukekohe Primary School maintained segregated toilets and sports teams for European and Māori students, with Māori students only being allowed to use the school's swimming pool on Friday before the water was changed. In 1952, a segregated Māori-only school called Pukekohe Māori School was established for the Māori community. The school was later revamped in 1965 as the interracial Pukekohe Hill School.[12] According to Bartholomew, discrimination against Māori residents was done on the pretext of health and alleged poor behavior since New Zealand did not have legislation and local by-laws codifying racial segregation and discrimination.[13]

Following the book's release, Bartholomew told Te Ao Māori News that he had trouble finding a publisher for his book No Maori Allowed. One publisher had described his book as too pro-Maori. Bartholomew maintained that the stories of segregation needed to be told and New Zealand must '"acknowledge its racist past."[14]

Release

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The film was released on TVNZ and its streaming service TVNZ+ on 18 October 2022.[4][1] It was also distributed by the Australian Special Broadcasting Service and France Télévisions.[1]

Reception

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In late September 2023, No Māori Allowed has won the Grand Jury Prize at the FIFO film festival in Tahiti, Best Documentary at the New Zealand Television Awards, Pacifica Award for Best Feature Film at the Hawaii International Film Festival and Best Documentary Short at the Dili International Film Festival.[1][15] The film was also shortlisted for the imagineNATIVE Film and Media Arts Festival in Toronto and Rochefort Pacific Cinema & Literature Festival in October 2023.[15][1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "No Māori Allowed". Kindred Films. 2022. Archived from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b "No Māori Allowed: new documentary unearths the forgotten history of Pukekohe". RNZ. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  3. ^ Bartholomew, Bartholomew (27 October 2022). "The real life documentary 'No Māori Allowed' strikes a raw nerve for some in our society". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  4. ^ a b Harvey, Kerry (6 October 2022). "TVNZ documentary No Māori Allowed revisits Pukekohe's history of segregation". Stuff. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  5. ^ "'No Māori allowed' – New book explores Pukekohe's history of racial segregation". 1 News. TVNZ. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  6. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 28–29.
  7. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 5–6, 32–71.
  8. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 31, 148.
  9. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 32–71.
  10. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 95–98.
  11. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 106–110.
  12. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 100–105.
  13. ^ Bartholomew 2020, pp. 10–11.
  14. ^ Triponel, Te Rina (19 June 2020). "Sociologist's book rejected after claims it was 'too pro-Māori'". Te Ao Māori News. Whakaata Māori. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  15. ^ a b "No Māori Allowed doco enjoying international festival run". WIFT NZ. 26 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.

Further reading

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Category:2022 films Category:2022 documentary films Category:2020s New Zealand films Category:2020s English-language films Category:New Zealand documentary films Category:Films about Māori people Category:Films set in New Zealand Category:Films shot in New Zealand Category:English-language documentary films

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