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Weather of 2012

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Former Hurricane Sandy over the northeastern United States

The weather of 2012 marked the fewest fatalities from natural disasters in a decade, although there were several damaging and deadly floods, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and other weather events. These include blizzards, cold waves, droughts, heat waves, and wildfires.

The costliest single weather event of the year was Hurricane Sandy, which struck the northeastern United States in late October, with overall economic costs estimated at over US$67 billion.

Overview

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The year began with La Niña conditions, meaning cooler than normal waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean near the equator. By later in the year, the global weather pattern shifted to more neutral conditions. The global temperature was 1.03 °F (−17.21 °C) above average, making it the tenth-warmest year ever recorded.[1]

Throughout 2012, there were 9,655 people killed by natural disasters, which marked the fewest global fatalities in a decade. This included 3,574 deaths related to hydrological events. The lower than usual death toll was due to fewer flooding and cyclonic events. Asia was the continent most often affected during the year.[2]

Deadliest events

[edit]
Deadliest meteorological events during 2012
Rank Event Date(s) Deaths (+Missing) Refs
1 Typhoon Bopha December 3 1,901 [2]
2 Pakistan monsoonal floods September–October 455 [3]
3 Hurricane Sandy October 22–29 233 [4]
4 Krasnodar Krai floods July 7 172 [5]
5 Rwanda landslides May 131 [6]
6 Monsoonal floods in Assam, India June 26 122 [7]
7 Ukraine cold wave January 112 [8]
8
9
10

Types

[edit]

The following listed different types of special weather conditions worldwide.

Cold snaps and winter storms

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In January, cold temperatures of −30 °C (−22 °F) killed 112 people in Ukraine,[8] while avalanches and a cold wave killed 45 people across Afghanistan.[9]

Floods

[edit]

Throughout the year, floods killed 673 people in China,[10] including July flash floods in Beijing which killed 79 people and left 10¥billion (US$1.6 billion) in damage.[11] In May, floods and landslides killed 131 people in Rwanda.[6] In June, monsoonal floods in northern India killed 122 people.[7] In early July, a low pressure area in the Black Sea dropped 280 mm (11 in) of rainfall in a few hours in parts of southwestern Russia, causing flash flooding that killed 172 people.[12][5] In September, monsoonal floods in Pakistan killed 455 people.[3]

Heat waves and droughts

[edit]

Drought conditions persisted across much of North America throughout the year, causing at least US$39.9 billion in damage, much of it from crop failures. A strong heat wave during the summer killed 129 people.[13]

Elsewhere, drought conditions in northeast Brazil led to their government allocating R$2.7 billion (US$1.35 billion) worth of assistance for farmers and water distribution.[14]

Tornadoes

[edit]
Main article: Tornadoes of 2012

In March, a severe weather outbreak of 75 tornadoes killed 42 people and inflicted US$4.1 billion in damage across the southeastern United States and into the Ohio Valley.[13]

Tropical and subtropical cyclones

[edit]
Damage from Typhoon Bopha (locally known as Super Typhoon Pablo) in Davao Oriental in the southeastern Philippines
See also: Tropical cyclones in 2012

At the start of the year, Tropical Cyclone Benilde was moving across the south-west Indian Ocean.[15] The strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2012 was Typhoon Sanba in the western Pacific Ocean. On September 13, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated maximum sustained winds of 285 km/h (180 mph).[16][17] The costliest storm of the year was Hurricane Sandy, which formed in October in the Caribbean Sea; after moving across Cuba, Sandy later evolved into a large extratropical cyclone that struck New Jersey, causing $65 billion in damage across the northeastern United States. Much of the damage was in the New York City metropolitan area, with train service disrupted for several weeks.[4] The deadliest storm of the year was Typhoon Bopha, which killed 1,901 people and left US$1.16 billion in damage after it struck the Philippine island of Mindanao on December 3.[2][18] As the year ended, there were two tropical cyclones that lasted into early 2013 – Cyclone Freda in the South Pacific Ocean, and Tropical Cyclone Dumile in the south-west Indian Ocean.[19]

In the Atlantic, there were 19 tropical storms, of which 10 became hurricanes, attaining winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph).[20] In the eastern Pacific, there were 17 tropical storms, of which 10 became hurricanes.[21] The North Indian Ocean was inactive, with only five tropical cyclones, of which two became cyclonic storms.[22]

Wildfires

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Throughout the year, wildfires in the United States burned more than 9,200,000 acres (37,000 km2) of land, killing eight people and causing US$2.3 billion in damage.[13]

Extratropical cyclones and other weather systems

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In late June, a costly and deadly derecho moved across the eastern United States, leaving 4.2 million people without power. The strong winds caused US$3.8 billion in damage and resulted in 28 fatalities.[13][23]

Timeline

[edit]

This is a timeline of deadly weather events during 2012.

January

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  • January – A cold wave across Europe produced temperatures of −30 °C (−22 °F) in Ukraine, killing 112 people.[8]
  • January – March – Flooding in Bolivia killed 13 people.[24]
  • January 5–10 – Tropical Storm Chanda struck western Madagascar, killing one person.[25]
  • January 9–12 – Floods and landslides in northern Brazil killed 17 people.[26]
  • Mid-January – Avalanches and a cold wave killed 45 people across Afghanistan.[9]
  • January 17 – Subtropical Depression Dando made landfall in extreme southern Mozambique, the first storm to hit the southern portion of the country since 1984.[27] The storm's rains killed four people in Mozambique and another six in South Africa. Damage in South Africa was around $65 million.[28][29][30][31]
  • January 17–28 – Cyclone Funso formed and looped around the Mozambique Channel, bringing additional rainfall and floods after Dando struck Mozambique. The two storms collectively killed 40 people in Mozambique.[32]
  • January 20–24 – A weak tropical disturbance in the South Pacific produced heavy rainfall over Fiji, causing flooding and landslides that killed eight people.[33][34][35]
  • January 21 – Tropical Storm Ethel killed one person while passing near Rodrigues in the south-west Indian Ocean.[36]
  • January 24 – February 3 – A weather disturbance produced floods and tornadoes in Indonesia, killing 16 people. The disturbance would eventually become Tropical Cyclone Iggy in the eastern Indian Ocean, eventually striking Western Australia as a weakened storm.[37][38]
  • January 24 – A landslide in Papua New Guinea killed at least 25 people.[39]

February

[edit]
  • February – Across Afghanistan, 54 children died of hypothermia following a cold wave.[40]
  • February 7–24 – Cyclone Giovanna passed north of the Mascarene Islands, killing one person each on Réunion and Mauritius.[41][42] The powerful cyclone later struck eastern Madagascar, killing 35 people, with more than 44,000 houses destroyed.[43]
  • February 9–13 – Floods killed four people across the Philippines.[44]
  • February 25 – March 12 – Tropical Storm Irina moved across Madagascar, with its landslides and floods killing 72 people and leaving 70,000 people homeless.[45] Later, Irina looped off southeastern Africa, causing 12 deaths between Mozambique and South Africa.[46]
  • February 28–29 – 2012 Leap Day tornado outbreak

March

[edit]
  • March–May – Rains and floods killed 22 people in Haiti.[47]
  • March 2–3 – A severe weather outbreak of 75 tornadoes killed 42 people and inflicted US$4.1 billion in damage across the southeastern United States and into the Ohio Valley.[13]
  • March 20 – An avalanche killed 17 people in northeastern Afghanistan.[48]
  • March 30 – Heavy rains from Tropical Depression 17F killed four people in Fiji.[49]

April

[edit]
  • April – Floods and landslides killed 84 people in Kenya.[50]
  • April 4 – A windstorm killed 17 people in the Buenos Aires area of Argentina.[51]
  • April 13–16 – A severe weather outbreak of 98 tornadoes killed six people and caused US$1.5 billion in damage across the midwest of the United States.[13]
  • April 20 – Strong winds and rains caused a house to collapse in northern Vietnam, killing two people.[52]
  • April 20 – Heavy rains in the Comoros killed four people.[53]
  • April 23 – Heavy rains killed one person in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[54]

May

[edit]

June

[edit]
  • June 14–17 – Hurricane Carlotta hit the southern coast of Mexico, killing seven people.[21]
  • June 23–30 – Tropical Storm Debby dropped heavy rainfall and caused a tornado outbreak across the southeastern United States, resulting in eight deaths.[61]
  • June 26 – Monsoonal floods began in the Indian state of Assam, killing 122 people.[7]
  • June 29–30 – A derecho moved eastward across the United States, killing 28 people and leaving US$3.8 billion in damage.[13]

July

[edit]
  • July 7 – A low pressure area in the Black Sea dropped torrential rainfall in southwestern Russia, killing 172 people.[5]
  • July 21 – Flash floods in Beijing killed 79 people and left 10¥billion (US$1.6 billion) in damage.[11]

August

[edit]
  • August 1–10 – Hurricane Ernesto moved through the Caribbean Sea, hitting Mexico twice, causing 12 fatalities.[62]
  • August 3 – A cloudburst in northern India caused flash floods that killed 35 people.[63]
  • August 11 – Landslides on Trinidad killed two people, related to a tropical wave that would eventually become Tropical Storm Helene.[64]
  • August 21 – September 3 – Hurricane Isaac moved through the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, eventually striking Louisiana; the hurricane killed at least 34 people and left more than US$2 billion in damage along its path.[65]

September

[edit]
  • September – Monsoonal floods in Pakistan killed 455 people.[3]
  • September – Heavy rains in Vietnam killed 16 people.[66]
  • September 10–19 – Typhoon Sanba, the strongest cyclone worldwide in 2012, took a generally northward path through the western Pacific Ocean, making landfall on South Korea on September 17.
  • September 30 – Rainfall associated with Hurricane Miriam caused floods in Texas, killing one person.[67][68]

October

[edit]
  • October 10–11 – A deep depression killed 34 people when it hit Bangladesh.[22]
  • October 12–17 – Hurricane Rafael moved from the Caribbean to the open Atlantic Ocean, killing one person on Guadeloupe.[69]
  • October 22–29 – Shortly after transitioning into an extratropical cyclone, former Hurricane Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey. Its large wind field caused $65 billion in damage across the northeastern United States, as well $2 billion in damage in Cuba. Along its path, Sandy killed 233 people.[4]
  • October 28 – November 1 – Cyclone Nilam looped off northeastern Sri Lanka before striking southern India, killing at least 71 people.[22]

November

[edit]

December

[edit]
  • December 3 – Typhoon Bopha strikes Mindanao in the southeastern Philippines, killing 1,901 people.[2]
  • December 9–27 – Cyclone Evan moved across the South Pacific, striking Samoa and Fiji, killing 14 people.[70]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Susan Osborne AND Jessica Blunden (January 15, 2013). 2012—Third Warmest La Niña Year on Record (Report). Climate.gov. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d Debarati Guha-Sapir, Philippe Hoyois and Regina Below (August 31, 2012). Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2012: The numbers and trends. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (Report). ReliefWeb.
  3. ^ a b c "Floods killed 455, affected five million: NDMA". Dawn.com. Agence France-Presse. October 17, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c Blake, Eric S; Kimberlain, Todd B; Berg, Robert J; Cangialosi, John P; Beven II, John L; National Hurricane Center (February 12, 2013). Hurricane Sandy: October 22 – 29, 2012 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c Russian Federation: Flash Floods DREF n° MDRRU015 Final report. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Report). July 23, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Rwanda – Floods and landslides, update (Meteorwanda, media, Reliefweb, DG ECHO) (ECHO Daily Flash of 04 May 2023). European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (Report). May 16, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c India: Assam Floods (MDRIN009) – DREF Operational Final Report. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Report). March 29, 2013. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Extreme winter condition – DREF Final Report (MDRUA006). International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Report). June 29, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  9. ^ a b Afghanistan Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 01. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). January 31, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  10. ^ "Floods leave 673 Chinese dead, 159 missing in 2012". Xinhua. January 5, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  11. ^ a b Yu Zhang, Yang Hong, Xuguang Wang, Jonathan J. Gourley, Xianwu Xue, Manabendra Saharia, Guangheng Ni, Gaili Wang, Yong Huang, Sheng Chen, Guoqiang Tang (2015). "Hydrometeorological Analysis and Remote Sensing of Extremes: Was the July 2012 Beijing Flood Event Detectable and Predictable by Global Satellite Observing and Global Weather Modeling Systems?". Journal of Hydrometeorology. 16 (1).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ "Heavy Rains Cause Devastating Flood in Krymsk, Russia (as of 9 July 2012)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 9, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g "U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters". National Centers for Environmental Information. 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  14. ^ REDLAC Weekly Note on Emergencies Latin America & the Caribbean – Year 5 – Volume 257 (Report). Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. May 14, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  15. ^ "2011 Intense Tropical Cyclone BENILDE (2011361S09095)". IBTrACS. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  16. ^ "2012 Super Typhoon SANBA (2012254N09135)". IBTrACS. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  17. ^ Qiao Liu; Melinda Peng; Weican Zhou; Tim Li (April 2021). "Impacts of Steering Flows with Different Timescales on the Track of Typhoon Sanba (2012)". Journal of Meteorological Research. 35 (2): 343–357. doi:10.1007/s13351-021-0125-z.
  18. ^ Uy, Leo Jaymar G.; Pilar, Lourdes O. (8 February 2018). "Natural disaster damage at P374B in 2006–2015". Business World. Retrieved 8 February 2018 – via PressReader.
  19. ^ Steve Young. "Global Tropical System Tracks – December 2012". Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  20. ^ Stacy Stewart (January 23, 2014). 2012 Atlantic hurricane season Annual Summary (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  21. ^ a b Richard J. Pasch (May 8, 2014). 2012 Eastern North Pacific hurricane season annual summary (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  22. ^ a b c Report on Cyclonic Disturbances over North Indian Ocean During 2012 (Report). India Meteorological Department. March 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  23. ^ "A Review of Power Outages and Restoration Following the June 2012 Derecho, Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy" U.S. Department of Energy. August 2012.
  24. ^ Bolivia: Floods, Operations Update n° 1 (MDRBO007). International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Report). June 14, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  25. ^ "Le cyclone Chanda fait un mort et des dégâts dans le Sud-Ouest de Madagascar" (in French). Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
  26. ^ Isabela Vieir (January 12, 2012). "Rain, flooding, mudslides and human drama in the state of Rio de Janeiro". Government of Brazil. Agência Brasil. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
  27. ^ Andrea Thompson (January 16, 2012). "Tropical Storm Dando Hits Mozambique". Live Science.
  28. ^ "Tropical Storm Dando Hits Mozambique | Tropical Storm News, Images & Updates, Tropical Cyclone News, Updates & Images". OurAmazingPlanet.com. January 16, 2012. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
  29. ^ "4 killed, 11 injured from Dando tropical storm in southern Mozambique | Taiwan News | 2012-01-19 00:00:00". 19 January 2012.
  30. ^ "Six killed in Mpumalanga floods". Times LIVE. January 23, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
  31. ^ Chikoore, Hector; Vermeulen, Jan H.; Jury, Mark R. (2015). "Tropical cyclones in the Mozambique Channel: January–March 2012". Natural Hazards. 77 (3): 2081–2095. Bibcode:2015NatHa..77.2081C. doi:10.1007/s11069-015-1691-0. S2CID 128614341.
  32. ^ Limited||date=February 22, 2012|title=Storm and Cyclone – Emergency Appeal n° MDRMZ009|agency=International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies|accessdate=June 27, 2023|at=ReliefWeb|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/storm-and-cyclone-emergency-appeal-n%C2%B0-mdrmz009}}
  33. ^ Fiji Islands Climate Summary January 2012 (Report). Vol. 33. Fiji Meteorological Service. February 8, 2012.
  34. ^ Weather / Flooding update: 6pm 26/1/12. Government of Fiji (Report). ReliefWeb. January 26, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  35. ^ Dominique Schwartz (January 26, 2012). "Family among dead in Fiji landslide". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  36. ^ "Tropical storm kills one on Indian Ocean island". Emirates 24/7. Agence France-Presse. January 21, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  37. ^ "Indonesia cleaning up in wake of Cyclone Iggy". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. January 31, 2012. ReliefWeb.
  38. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Iggy". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  39. ^ Papua New Guinea: Landslides – Information Bulletin n° 1. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Report). February 24, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  40. ^ Winter Child Mortality in Badakhshan Province Incident Report No. 1. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). February 29, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  41. ^ "Giovanna fait un mort à Maurice" (in French). IMAZ Press. February 12, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  42. ^ "Les conséquences du cyclone Giovanna à la Réunion" (in French). LINFO. February 11, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  43. ^ Tropical Cyclone Giovanna Madagascar, February 2012 (PDF) (Report). JRC Technical Reports. Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. 2012.
  44. ^ "NDRRMC Update: Final Report re February 9 Low Pressure Area (LPA)". National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. February 17, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  45. ^ "Tropical storm Irina claims 72 lives". ReliefWeb. IRIN. March 7, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  46. ^ "Deadly cyclone lashes southeastern Africa".
  47. ^ Haiti: Humanitarian Snapshot (as of May 2012) – updated 23 May 2012 (Report). May 23, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
  48. ^ North-Eastern Region, Badakshan Avalanche in Ners Village, Wakhan District Incident Report No. 01. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). March 21, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  49. ^ "Humanitarian Action Plan: Strategic Plan for Response to Fiji floods (TD17F) – March/April 2012". Joint UN Country Team in the Pacific. April 18, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
  50. ^ "Kenya: Floods – Apr 2012". 30 November 2013. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  51. ^ "Argentina: Severe Local Storm – Apr 2012". 11 June 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  52. ^ Hailstorms devastate northern provinces. Government of Viet Nam (Report). April 23, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  53. ^ Comoros: Floods – Apr 2012 (Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  54. ^ DR Congo: Severe Local Storm – Apr 2012 (Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  55. ^ "Devasting Flood in the Seti River". United Nations Country Team in Nepal. June 6, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  56. ^ "141 people killed in natural disaster in last two months". Nepalnews.com. July 2, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  57. ^ Flash floods DREF operation n° MDRGE004. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (Report). May 16, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
  58. ^ Sari Pul Province, Sari Pul Town Flash floods Incident Report No. 4. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). May 22, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
  59. ^ Beven II, John L; National Hurricane Center (December 12, 2012). Tropical storm Beryl (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  60. ^ Lyda Longa; Dinah Voyles Pulver (May 30, 2012). "Beryl's sad legacy: Teen's Daytona drowning". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  61. ^ Todd B. Kimberlain (January 7, 2013). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Debby (PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  62. ^ Daniel P. Brown (February 20, 2013). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ernesto (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. pp. 1–2, 4. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  63. ^ Vikram Gupta, D. P. Dobhal and S. C. Vaideswaran (2013). "August 2012 cloudburst and subsequent flash flood in the Asi Ganga, a tributary of the Bhagirathi river, Garhwal Himalaya, India". Current Science. 105 (2): 249–253. JSTOR 24092646.
  64. ^ Lixion Avila (December 13, 2012). Tropical Cyclone Report – Tropical Storm Helene (AL072012) (PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  65. ^ Berg, Robbie R. (January 28, 2013). "Hurricane Isaac" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  66. ^ Floods leave 54 dead and injured. Government of Viet Nam (Report). September 10, 2012. ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  67. ^ "Heavy Rain Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  68. ^ "Nacogdoches Co. woman dies during early morning flood". KTRE. September 30, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  69. ^ Lixion A. Avila (January 14, 2013). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Rafael (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. pp. 1–3. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
  70. ^ "Fiji begins cleanup after Cyclone Evan rips through; Samoa death toll rises to 14". Fox News. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
Global weather by year
Preceded by
2011		 Weather of
2012		 Succeeded by
2013
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