El Víbora
| Categories | Comics magazine |
|---|---|
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Publisher | La Cúpula |
| First issue | December 1979 |
| Final issue | January 2005 |
| Country | Spain |
| Based in | Barcelona |
| Language | Spanish |
El Víbora (meaning The Viper in English) was a Spanish language monthly alternative comics magazine published in Barcelona, Spain, between 1979 and 2005. The magazine was subtitled as "Comix for Survivors".[1]
History and profile
El Vibora was established in December 1979.[2][3] The founders were a group of Spanish cartoonists led by Josep Maria Berenguer.[1] Catalan comics publisher Josep Toutain financed and helped the establishment of the magazine[1] which was published by La Cúpula.[4]
Josep Maria Berenguer wanted to name the magazine as GOMA 3 which refers to the explosive used by the Basque terrorist/nationalist organization ETA during the 1970s.[1] However, it was rejected by the Spanish authorities.[1]
El Vibora was published monthly[5] and had its headquarters in Barcelona.[6] The contributors included not only Spanish authors but also French and American ones,[2] including Peter Bagge, Robert Crumb and Charles Burns.[3][7] Native contributors were Max who created the characters of Gustavo, Peter Pank, Gallardo and Mediavilla, Nazario, Mariscal and Pons.[1] Hernán Migoya served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine from 1992 to 1998.[1] The last editor was Sergi Puertas.[3]
The circulation of El Vibora was 45,000 copies in 1983.[3] It was 6,000 copies in 2004[3] just before its last issue in January 2005.[2] The magazine ran over 300 issues during its existence.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Hernan Miyoga (2 May 2012). "Josep Maria Berenguer, 1944-2012: The Last Libertine Publisher". The Comics Journal. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ a b c "El Víbora. Spain". Afka. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "El Vibora Editor Confirms Potential Cancellation". Comics Reporter. 30 June 2004. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ "A brief history of comics in Catalonia" (PDF). gencat.cat. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ Bart Beaty (2007). Unpopular Culture: Transforming the European Comic Book in the 1990s. University of Toronto Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-8020-9412-4. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ David Vilaseca (Autumn 2008). "Queer Transitions in Contemporary Spanish Culture: From Franco to "La Movida"". Hispanic Review. 76 (4). Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ a b "El Vibora #10". Comixjoint. Retrieved 29 January 2015.