Elsie Clews Parsons
Elsie Clews Parsons | |
|---|---|
 Parsons aboard her schooner, the Malabar V. | |
| Born | November 27, 1875 |
| Died | December 19, 1941 New York City |
| Education | Ph.D. in Sociology, Columbia University (1899) |
| Occupation | Anthropologist |
| Spouse | Herbert Parsons |
| Children | Elsie ("Lissa," 1901) John Edward (1903) Herbert (1909) Henry McIlvaine ("Mac", 1911).[1] |
| Parent(s) | Henry Clews, Lucy Madison Worthington |
Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons (November 27, 1875 – December 19, 1941) was an American anthropologist, sociologist, folklorist, and feminist who studied Native American tribes—such as the Tewa and Hopi—in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. She helped found The New School.[2] She was associate editor for The Journal of American Folklore (1918-1941), president of the American Folklore Society (1919-1920), president of the American Ethnological Society (1923-1925), and was elected the first female president of the American Anthropological Association (1941) right before her death.[3][4][5]
She earned her bachelor's degree from Barnard College in 1896.[6] She received her master’s degree (1897) and Ph.D. (1899) from Columbia University.[3]
Every other year, the American Ethnological Society awards the Elsie Clews Parsons Prize for the best graduate student essay, in her honor.[7][8]
Biography
Parsons was the daughter of Henry Clews, a wealthy New York banker, and Lucy Madison Worthington. Her brother, Henry Clews, Jr. was an artist. On September 1, 1900, in Newport, Rhode Island,[9] she married future three-term progressive Republican congressman Herbert Parsons, an associate and political ally of President Teddy Roosevelt.[10] When her husband was a member of Congress, she published two then-controversial books under the pseudonym John Main.[11]
She became interested in anthropology in 1910.[4]
Her work Pueblo Indian Religion is considered a classic; here she gathered all her previous extensive work and that of other authors.[12] It is, however, marred by intrusive and deceptive research techniques.[13]
She is, however, pointed to by current critical scholars as an archetypical example of an "Antimodern Feminist" thinker, known for their infatuation with Native American Indians that often manifested as a desire to preserve a "traditional" and "pure" Indian identity, irrespective of how Native Peoples themselves approached issues of modernization or cultural change. Grande (2004, p. 134)[citation needed] argues that her racist and objectivizing tendencies towards indigenous peoples of the Americas is evidenced, for example, by her willingness to change her name and appropriate a Hopi "identity" primarily to increase her access to research sites and participants (Jacobs 1999, p. 102).[citation needed]
Works
Early works of sociology
- The Family (1906)
- Religious Chastity (1913)
- The Old-Fashioned Woman (1913)
- Fear and Conventionality (1914)
- Parsons, Elsie Clews (1997). Fear and Conventionality. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-64746-3.
- Social Freedom (1915)
- Social Rule (1916)
Anthropology
- The Social Organization of the Tewa of New Mexico (1929)
- Hopi and Zuni Ceremonialism (1933)
- Pueblo Indian Religion (1939)
Ethnographies
- Mitla: Town of the Souls (1936)
- Peguche (1945)
Research in folklore
- Folk-Lore from the Cape Verde Islands (1923)
- Folk-Lore of the Sea Islands, S.C. (1924)
- Folk-Lore of the Antilles, French and English (3v., 1933-1943)
Reprints
- Parsons, Elsie Clews (1992). North American Indian Life: Customs and Traditions of 23 Tribes. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-27377-6.
- Parsons, Elsie Clews (1996). Taos Tales. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-28974-5.
- Parsons, Elsie Clews (1994). Tewa Tales. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-1452-6.
- Parsons, Elsie Clews (1996). Pueblo Indian Religion. 2 vols. Introductions by Ramon Gutierrez and Pauline Turner Strong. Bison Books reprint. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
See also
- Ruth Benedict
- Franz Boas
- Cape Verdean Creole
- Château de la Napoule
- History of feminism
- List of Barnard College people
- Zora Neale Hurston
- Mabel Dodge Luhan
- Margaret Mead
- Pueblo clown
- Taos Pueblo
References
- ^ "Behavioral Psychologist Henry McIlvaine Parsons, 92, Dies". The Washington Post. 2004-08-01.
- ^ Spier, Leslie, and A. L. Kroeber. "Elsie Clews Parsons", American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 45, No. 2, Centenary of the American Ethnological Society (Apr. - Jun., 1943), pp. 244-255
- ^ a b Del Monte, Kathleen; Karen Bachman; Catherine Klein; Bridget McCourt (1999-03-19). "Elsie Clews Parsons". Celebration of Women Anthropologists. University of South Florida. Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Elsie Clews Parsons Papers". American Philosophical Society. Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
- ^ Gladys E. Reichard. 1943. Elsie Clews Parsons The Journal of American Folklore Vol. 56, No. 219, Elsie Clews Parsons Memorial Number (Jan. - Mar., 1943), pp. 45-48
- ^ Babcock, Barbara A.; Parezo, Nancy J. (1988). Daughters of the Desert: Women Anthropologists and the Native American Southwest, 1880-1980. University of New Mexico Press. p. 15. ISBN 0826310877.
- ^ "Elsie Clews Parsons Prize". AESonline.org. American Ethnological Society. 2012-02-01. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ "2007 Elsie Clews Parsons Prize for Best Graduate Student Paper". AESonline.org. American Ethnological Society. 2007-04-02. Archived from the original on 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
- ^ "Miss Clews is Married". The New York Times. Newport, Massachusetts. 1900-09-02. p. 5. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|trans_title=(help) - ^ Kennedy, Robert C. "Cartoon of the Day". HarpWeek. HarpWeek, LLC. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
- ^ "Parsons, Elsie Clews". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
- ^ Gladys A. Reichard (June 20, 1950). The Elsie Clews Parsons collection Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society vol. 94, No. 3, Studies of Historical Documents in the Library of the American Philosophical Society. pp. 308–309.
- ^ Strong, Pauline (2013). "Parsons, Elsie Clews". Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology, ed. R. Jon McGee and Richard L. Warms,. 2: 609–612.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Further reading
- Deacon, Desley (1999). Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-13908-5.
- Hare, Peter H. (1985). A Woman's Quest for Science: A Portrait of Anthropologist Elsie Clews Parsons. Prometheus Books. ISBN 0-87975-274-2.
- Zumwalt, Rosemary Lévy (1992). Wealth and Rebellion: Elsie Clews Parsons, Anthropologist and Folklorist. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01909-1.
External links
- Elsie Clews Parsons Papers at the American Philosophical Society
- Elsie Clews Parsons, The Journal of a Feminist by Professor Catherine Lavender, City University of New York
- Elsie Clews Parsons, Minnesota State University, Mankato
- Stacy A. Cordery. "Review of Desley Deacon, Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life," H-Women, H-Net Reviews, November, 1998.
- Working Woman by Tanya Luhrmann, The New York Times
