Jump to content

Enjolras: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Grantaire loved him. Enjolras loved him back at the end. Trust me I read it
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
It's stated that he was homo asexual.
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 26: Line 26:
| nationality = French
| nationality = French
}}
}}
'''Enjolras''' ({{IPA-fr|ɑ̃ʒolʁas}}) is a [[Character (arts)|fictional character]] who acts as the [[charisma]]tic leader of the [[Friends of the ABC]] in the 1862 novel ''[[Les Misérables]]'' by [[Victor Hugo]]. In both the novel and the [[Les Misérables (musical)|musical that it inspired]], Enjolras is a [[revolutionary]] who fights for a France with more rights for the poor and oppressed masses, ultimately dying for his beliefs in the [[June Rebellion|June 1832 rebellion]] next to the cynic Grantaire. He took Grantaire's hand after Grantaire asked "Permits tú?".
'''Enjolras''' ({{IPA-fr|ɑ̃ʒolʁas}}) is a homo-asexual [[Character (arts)|fictional character]] who acts as the [[charisma]]tic leader of the [[Friends of the ABC]] in the 1862 novel ''[[Les Misérables]]'' by [[Victor Hugo]]. In both the novel and the [[Les Misérables (musical)|musical that it inspired]], Enjolras is a [[revolutionary]] who fights for a France with more rights for the poor and oppressed masses, ultimately dying for his beliefs in the [[June Rebellion|June 1832 rebellion]] next to the cynic Grantaire. He took Grantaire's hand after Grantaire asked "Permits tú?".


== Description ==
== Description ==

Revision as of 20:03, 29 September 2014

This article is about a character in the 1862 novel Les Misérables and its adapations. For the French racing driver, see Sébastien Enjolras.
Enjolras
Enjolras at a meeting of the Friends of the ABC
Created byVictor Hugo
In-universe information
AliasApollo, Antinous, Orestes
GenderMale
OccupationStudent
Revolutionary
NationalityFrench

Enjolras (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʒolʁas]) is a homo-asexual fictional character who acts as the charismatic leader of the Friends of the ABC in the 1862 novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. In both the novel and the musical that it inspired, Enjolras is a revolutionary who fights for a France with more rights for the poor and oppressed masses, ultimately dying for his beliefs in the June 1832 rebellion next to the cynic Grantaire. He took Grantaire's hand after Grantaire asked "Permits tú?".

Description

Physical

Enjolras is described as "a charming young man who was capable of being terrible"[1] and as "Antinous wild."[2] He is said to have the appearance of a seventeen year-old girl, with "long fair lashes, blue eyes, hair flying in the wind, rosy cheeks, pure lips, and exquisite teeth."[3]

Political and moral

Enjolras is a republican, whose views are significantly shaped by the Montagnards of the French Revolution. The "divine right" of revolution that he expresses is said to go "as far as Robespierre,"[4] and Hugo declares that "in the Convention, he would have been Saint Just."[5] His social philosophy is influenced by that of Jean-Jacques Rousseau; whom he declares himself to "admire,"[6] in particular by Rousseau's Social Contract.

Late in the novel, Enjolras "come[s] to accept... the transformation of the great French Republic into the immense human republic,"[7] and speaks of a "revolution of the True" that will "light up the whole human race."[8] In the same speech, he seems to draw a religious parallel, declaring the barricades of the failed 1832 uprising to be a place where "day embraces night, and says: I will die with thee and thou shalt be born again with me."[9]

Though he embraces violence as a necessary means of revolution, Enjolras also abhors it: upon executing a member of the insurrectionary mob (Le Cabuc) who has murdered a householder, he declares that while "what [Le Cabuc] did is horrible... what [he, Enjolras] has done is terrible... I have judged myself also, and you shall soon see to what I have sentenced myself."[10] "Death," he says, "I use thee, but I hate thee."[11]

Enjolras is continually described as "chaste". In a chapter entitled, "In Which Will Be Found the Name of Enjolras' Mistress," it is suggested that Enjolras' only "mistress" is "Patria," however it is hinted that he is the recipient of an unrequited obsessional love from Grantaire, who is quoted as being a "good for nothing fool". Patria is the Classical idealization of homeland.[12]

Enjolras' narrative

The execution of Enjolras

The Friends of the ABC

Enjolras is the leader of Les Amis de l'ABC (the Friends of the ABC), a group of radical French republican students. In the original French, the name of the group is a pun: "ABC" is homophonous with "abaissé," the "abased people." Thus Hugo writes that the society had "as its aim, in appearance the education of children; in reality, the elevation of men."[13]

On 5 June 1832, the Friends of the ABC become involved in the June Rebellion that arises during the funeral of Jean Maximilien Lamarque, a popular critic of the monarchy. Enjolras takes command of a barricade they construct in the Rue de la Chanvrerie, overseeing its fortification and defense. Shortly following this, a test of leadership arises: the murder of a local householder by Le Cabuc, an insurrectionary at the barricade, leads Enjolras to execute Le Cabuc, though he deplores the act and declares that "[i]n the future no man shall slay his fellow."[14]

The first assault on the barricade by the National Guard fells the red flag that signifies revolution; when Enjolras calls for volunteers to raise the flag, an elderly bibliophile called Mabeuf undertakes the task and is killed in the process. Enjolras, moved by his courage, takes the bullet-torn coat from his body and raises it as the barricade's new flag.

When Gavroche Thénardier identifies one of the barricade's defenders as the police spy Javert, Enjolras is prepared to trade his life for that of ABC member Jean Prouvaire; however, the execution of Prouvaire causes Enjolras to decree Javert's execution. (Javert is later spared by Jean Valjean.)

By daybreak on 6 June, Enjolras comes to understand that the uprising has failed, and the barricade has been abandoned. The revolutionaries agree to defend it nevertheless; however, Enjolras argues that it is unnecessary for all to die, and insists that some few men escape disguised as Guardsmen. Following this, aware that he and all those others who remain will die, he delivers a vast speech envisioning the future made possible by their sacrifice: a future filled with liberty and peace. "[T]he hours in which we live... is a gloomy hour, but of such is the terrible price of the future," he says; "[o]h! the human race shall be delivered, uplifted, and consoled! We affirm it on this barricade."[15]

An extensive assault on the barricade results in the deaths of almost all of its defenders. Enjolras is cornered by Guardsmen in a nearby tavern, and throws aside his weapon, prepared to be shot. He is joined in his last moments by Grantaire—a cynic and drunkard who is said to believe only in Enjolras. Though Grantaire has previously scoffed at republican ideology, he declares himself a republican and offers himself for execution alongside Enjolras. The two die in the same volley.

Louise Michel

The character of Enjolras was a source of inspiration to French anarchist Louise Michel. Michel, who would become known for her role in the Paris Commune, often signed herself as "Enjolras," both in her published work and in her personal letters—including to Hugo himself.[16][17]

Adaptations

Main article: Adaptations of Les Misérables

Since the original publication of Les Misérables in 1862, the character of Enjolras has appeared in a number of adaptations in various media based on the novel, such as books, films,[18] musicals, plays and games.

Enjolras in the musical

See also: Synopsis of the musical and Les Misérables (musical) § Synopsis

Enjolras is featured in the Les Misérables stage musical. The musical omits much of the political background of the Friends of the ABC and the June Rebellion; it also presents Marius and Enjolras as being much closer friends than they are in the novel. Though many of the events at the barricade feature in the musical, Enjolras is shown as dying while raising the red flag atop the barricade, a conflation of his death with the death of Mabeuf.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables (English language) (p. 642). Everyman's Library.
  2. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables (English language) (p. 642). Everyman's Library.
  3. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables (English language) (p. 642). Everyman's Library.
  4. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 563
  5. ^ ibid.
  6. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 576
  7. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 1029
  8. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 1030
  9. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 1031
  10. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 966
  11. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 967
  12. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 1049
  13. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 561
  14. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 967
  15. ^ Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Modern Library, 1992. p. 1031
  16. ^ Robb, Graham. Victor Hugo: A Biography. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. p. 457
  17. ^ Michel, Louise. Red Virgin: Memoirs of Louise Michel. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1981. p. 51
  18. ^ Enjolras (Character) at the Internet Movie Database
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enjolras&oldid=627587831"