Feckenham
| Feckenham | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Population | 670 |
| Civil parish |
|
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Redditch |
| Postcode district | B96 |
Feckenham is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Redditch in Worcestershire, England. It lies some 4 miles (6 km) south-west of the town of Redditch and some 11 miles (18 km) east of the city of Worcester. It had a population of 670 in the 2001 census[1] and its immediate area is the location of notable royal manors that cover over 1,000 years of English history documented in many royal charters and Acts of Parliament. At its greatest, the historic Forest of Feckenham stretched to the River Avon in the south and to Worcester in the west. In 1389 Geoffrey Chaucer was as Clerk of Works and Keeper of the Lodge.[2]
Feckenham in the 21st century is a rural community with a traditional English village green with walking and riding routes, including the long-distance public footpath, The Monarch's Way, that passes about 1.5 miles east of the village.
History
Name
The village name has been recorded as Feccanhom (9th century), Feccheham (11th century), Fekkeham, Fekeham (12th century), Feckeham, Feckaham, Fecham (13th century), Flechenham (16th century), and Feckyngham in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Early and Medieval
The village once stood in the middle of the ancient Royal Forest of Feckenham.[3] In Roman times the village developed from its position on the ancient saltway track between Alcester and Droitwich which later became a Roman road (now the modern B4090 road) and on the early stretches of the Bow Brook.[4] In the year 840 Feckenham Manor was given by Ethelric to Wœrferth, and it is mentioned in the 11th century Domesday Survey[5] as being in the Hundred of Esch.[6] The manors of Feckenham and Holloway in Hanbury were surveyed in 1086 under Herefordshire, because they had belonged to the Earl of Hereford, and though they remained in the hundred of Esch in Worcestershire, the Earl had so far annexed them to his lordship of Hereford that they were surveyed under that county.[7]
Changes in land ownership led to the inclusion of Feckenham parish in the hundred of Halfshire in the 13th century.[8]
The area was once a substantial forest covering much of Worcestershire, and was used by Norman royalty for hunting. In the Middle Ages, Feckenham was the administrative centre for the royal forest; and it grew into a thriving town while today's nearby large town of Redditch was still a small village. The forest court and prison building was located near the centre of the village, in an area now used as a sports ground.[9]
The village was visited by all the early kings of England, who had a lodge in the park of Feckenham Manor. Several entries in Pipe Rolls and Patent Rolls between the years 1166 and 1169 relate to the repair of the king's houses in the manor,[10] and there was a royal hunting lodge near the village. The remains of one ancient hunting lodge are believed to lie beneath the village recreation ground.
17th century
In 1629, after a survey of the royal forests, Feckenham was disafforested in order for the Crown's lands to be cleared, and placed in the possession of rich courtiers close to Charles I. Rights of common that had been established by tradition were abolished, causing considerable riots, in which several miles of enclosure fences were broken up in early 1631.[11] The disturbances followed a pattern found in other Royal Forests across the West and Midlands.
Three hundred people rioted the following year and were met by the Sheriff, a Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice of the Peace with forty armed men. The rioters "in a most daring and presumptuous manner presented themselves unto us with warlike weapons (vizt) pikes, forrest bills, pitchforks, swords and the like". On this occasion, the authorities acted to suppress this "flatt[clarification needed] rebellion", tried to arrest the rioters and injured a number of them.[12]
After disafforestation, the previous site of the court and prison building at Bennet's Bower was "planted with tobacco which grew very well, till the planting of it was prohibited by Act of Parliament".[13]
Edward Leighton[disambiguation needed] was a major beneficiary of the disafforestation, gaining around 360 acres of lands.[14] The manor lands of Feckenham were sold by Leighton to Lord Coventry in 1632.[13]
Recent
Under the Local Government Act 1894 the civil parish was formed out of the part of Feckenham parish that was in the former Redditch Urban District, and was divided into Feckenham Rural and Feckenham Urban Districts, and the communities of Headless Cross and Crabbs Cross became part of Redditch Urban District.[15][16]
Economy
From around 1790 and during the industrial revolution, the parish and Redditch were well known for the manufacture of needles and fish-hooks. Cycles and motors have also been manufactured in the area. Agriculture is still a major activity. Feckenham was the corporate headquarters of Barrets of Feckenham, a former nationwide chain of camping and walking equipment stores that ceased trading in 2008. A new chain of stores specialising in camping and outdoor equipment, Winfield's, took over much of the Barret business and operates from the former premises in Feckenham. Several bed & breakfast guest houses and two pubs represent the village's hospitality industry.
Architecture
There are two churches in the village. The Anglican church of St. John the Baptist was built in the mid 13th century and a has a peal of eight bells; the Roman Catholic church is dedicated to St. John Fisher and St. Thomas More.
The former site of the forest court and jail (Bennet's Bower) is now a sports field, west of the Anglican church.[17]
The village also contains several examples of black and white half-timbered work, especially Middle Bean Hall. One of the most notable is the 16th century Shurnock Court Farm, situated about 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of the village. The largest house in the neighbourhood is Norgrove Court, a large red brick two-storey mansion built in the mid 17th century. The massive oak door of a building that housed a former grammar school is recorded on a plaque on the south wall as: 'Erected A.D. 1611. Repaired A.D. 1848.'[18] The village also contains well-preserved examples of Georgian architecture.
Activities and attractions
A range of community activities includes an annual two-day horse show, and a triannual Feckenham Flower and Garden Festival that has been held since 1985. There is an annual Summer Fair (called the Wake) which has a Royal Charter[citation needed] and Spring and Autumn Flower Shows which have been held since the mid 1930s.
A major refurbishment of the village hall was undertaken with grants from the National Lottery and other donations. It is the location of the FeckenOdeon Cinema and many other social and community activities including the village Nursery School.
Feckenham's Wylde Moor nature reserve is an area of wetland managed by the Worcestershire Wildlife Trust and has two bird-watching hides. Local walkways and sections of countryside have been used as locations for films. It is one of three fen wetlands in Worcestershire. The peat is in places 4 metres deep. Within the reserve are 4 meadows, all of which are floristically rich. The southern meadow unusually contains sea club rush due to the saline ground water found in the area.[19]
The village has two family owned pubs, and a community village shop, "The Village Shop", opened in 2009 and run by the local community.
The Feckenham Forest History Society, founded in 1990, holds meetings and publishes a magazine, the Feckenham Forester, about the local history of Feckenham and the surrounding area.[20]
Education
Feckenham has a Church of England first school (primary school).
Sport
The village of Feckenham has a cricket and a football pitch. In 2007 the final match of the five-match series of the India v England Blind Cricket tour was played at the Feckenham Cricket Club ground as the Worcester CC pitch had been flooded by the River Severn earlier that year.
Transport
The A441 is one mile east of the village, and the M5 motorway is about 5 miles (8.0 km) west.
The nearest railway stations are Redditch and Evesham.
Several bus routes[21] serve Feckenham from Bromsgrove, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, and Redditch (Walkwood).
The National Cycle Network Route 5 can be reached around 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of the village.
The nearest Airport is Birmingham International Airport.
Notable people
- John Feckenham (c. 1515–1584), canonised English ecclesiastic and last abbot of Westminster, was born at Feckenham.
- Suzanne Virdee (b. 1969), is a News reader for BBC Midlands Today.
References
- ^ Census 2001
- ^ Feckenham Parish Council web site. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
- ^ Hitchcock, James For Peat's Sake Worcestershire Life June 2013 p70.
- ^ Fekenham leisure walks. Retrieved 14 June 2009
- ^ V.C.H. Worcs. i, 320b.
- ^ http://opendomesday.org/place/SP0061/feckenham/ Open Domesday Map: Feckenham
- ^ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/worcs/vol3/pp1-4 British History Online: The hundred of Halfshire: Introduction and map, Pages 1-4. A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 3. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1913.
- ^ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/worcs/vol3/pp1-4 A History of the County of Worcestershire: Volume 3. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1913. The hundred of Halfshire: Introduction and map.
- ^ Feckenham Court House, Bennet’s Bower
- ^ Pipe R. 13 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc.), 64; 14 Hen. II, 110; 15 Hen. II, 137.
- ^ P. Large, 'From Swanimote to disafforestation: Feckenham Forest in the early 17th century' in R. Hoyle (ed.), The estates of the English Crown, 1558-1640 (Cambridge University Press, 1992), p392, 412-3
- ^ Quoted in Sharp, p61
- ^ a b 'Parishes: Feckenham', in A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 3 (London, 1913), pp. 111-120 [accessed 25 August 2015].
- ^ Worcestershire Relics, John Noake, quoted by Humphreys, p. 129
- ^ A History of the County of Worcester (1913) Vol. 3 , pp. 111-120. Victoria County History. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
- ^ Atkins, Elizabeth (2006), Feckham Parish Council web site. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
- ^ Feckenham Court House, Bennet’s Bower FortifiedEngland.com
- ^ Nash, Hist. of Worc. i, 439.
- ^ Hitchcock, James For Peat's Sake Worcestershire Life June 2013. pp70-71.
- ^ Feckenham Local History Society website
- ^ official bus timetables
Further reading
- Atkins, Elizabeth (2006) From Slate to State. An account of four hundred years of education in Feckenham, which also includes many references to local history and its inhabitants.
- Atkins, Elizabeth (2006) The Field Names of Feckenham.
External links
- Feckenham C. of E. First School
- FeckenOdeon Cinema
- Feckenham Parish Council web site
- Worcestershire Wildlife Trust