Ferdows
Ferdows
فردوس | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Iran |
| Province | South Khorasan |
| County | Ferdows |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Elevation | 1,293 m (4,242 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 25,968[1] |
| Census | |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IDST) |
| Website | http://E-Ferdows.ir |
| Ferdows at GEOnet Names Server | |
Ferdows (Persian: فردوس, also Romanized as Ferdos, Ferdous, and Firdaus; named Toon or Tūn until 1929)[2] is a city in and the capital of Ferdows County, located in the north of South Khorasan Province in Iran. It is about 345 kilometres (214 mi) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. At the 2011 census, its population was 25,968, in 7,316 families.[1]
After dividing the Khorasan province into 3 provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of Razavi Khorasan province, but was incorporated within the borders of South Khorasan Province in March 2007.[3]
History
Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a small town. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.
The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the Mongols. It was one of the most prominent cities of Ghohestan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of Ghohestan again. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.[4][5]
Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of Khorasan province.[6] But the city was devastated in a huge earthquake in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.
Geography
Ferdows is located on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.[7] It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.
Climate
The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)[8]
| Climate data for Ferdows, Iran | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.2 (95.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
18.9 (66.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
7.3 (45.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
0.7 (33.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.3 (39.7) |
0.9 (33.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 26.0 (1.02) |
28.0 (1.10) |
34.6 (1.36) |
18.2 (0.72) |
5.1 (0.20) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.1 (0.00) |
2.4 (0.09) |
6.5 (0.26) |
26.0 (1.02) |
147.8 (5.82) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 mm) | 7.0 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 6.1 | 40.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 184 | 198 | 223 | 261 | 321 | 358 | 370 | 366 | 322 | 279 | 230 | 185 | 3,297 |
| Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)[9] | |||||||||||||
Main sights
Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:
- Ferdows Hot Mineral Spring: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists
- Ferdows Religious School (belonged to Safavid dynasty)
- Ferdows Congregation Mosque (Jame' Mosque of Ferdows) (belonged to Seljuk dynasty)
- Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock, a natural geological formation
- Ferdows Museum
Products
Ferdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.[10][11]
Emad Nezam Tourism Complex
It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by remarkable and notable entrepreneur in Iran, D.r. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the desert district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there since years ago. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:
- Emad Nezam Traditional Hotel
- Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
- Emad Nezam Sports Club
- Emad Nezam Football Academy
- Mofid Educational Complex
- Polond Desert Tourism Camp[12]
Notable people
See also
Notes
- ^ a b نتایج سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن ۱۳۹۰ (in Persian). Retrieved 19 June 2016.
- ^ Ferdows can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062926" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ تصویبنامه در مورد تقسیمات کشوری راجع به شهرستان فردوس از استان خراسان رضوی (in Persian).
- ^ "Ferdows Municipality Website" (in Persian).
- ^ "Ferdows Governorship" (in Persian).
- ^ "Ferdows Municipality History Website" (in Persian).
- ^ فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود (in Persian).
- ^ "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station".
- ^ "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station".
- ^ "Ferdows, Iran's eastern heaven". PRESS TV. 21 June 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
- ^ "Ferdows an Eastern Heaven". Iran Daily. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ http://emadnezam.com/
External links
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