French Workers' Party
French Workers' Party Parti Ouvrier Français | |
|---|---|
| Founders | Jules Guesde Paul Lafargue |
| Founded | 1880 |
| Dissolved | 1902 |
| Merged into | Socialist Party of France |
| Ideology | Blanquism Socialism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | None |
| Colours | Red |
The French Workers' Party (French language: Parti Ouvrier Français, POF) was the French socialist party created in 1880 by Jules Guesde and Paul Lafargue, Karl Marx's son-in-law (famous for having written The Right to Be Lazy, which criticized labour's alienation). A revolutionary party, it had as aim to abolish capitalism and replace it with a socialist society.
The party originated with a secession from Federation of the Socialist Workers of France (FTSF), which was founded in 1879, after a split with Paul Brousse's possibilists. The party's programme, written by Guesde with input from Marx, Lafargue and Friedrich Engels, was approved at the opening congress. The party became the POF in 1893. In 1902, it merged with the Blanquist Central Revolutionary Committee (CRC) to form the Socialist Party of France and finally merged in 1905 with Jean Jaurès' French Socialist Party to form the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Marcel Cachin, who would lead the split in 1920 which led to the creation of the French Communist Party and edited L'Humanité newspaper, became a member of the POF in 1891. The Nord, Pas-de-Calais, Loire and Allier were the principal bastions of POF electoral strength.
Principal members
- Jules Guesde (1845–1922), founding member and elected deputy
- Paul Lafargue (1842–1911), son-in-law of Karl Marx and elected deputy
- Marcel Cachin (1869–1958), member from 1891, led the SFIO Tours split in 1920, future director of L'Humanité
- Alexandre Bracke-Desrousseaux (1861–1955), professor (Greek Philosophy) and future elected deputy for the SFIO
- Alexandre Zévaès (1873–1953), elected deputy Isère (1898–1910)
- Bernard Cadenat (1853–1930), shemaker, elected deputy Bouches-du-Rhône (1898–1919 and 1924–1930) and mayor of Marseille (1910–1912)
- Ulysse Pastre (1864–1930), researcher and elected deputy Gard (1898–1910)
- Jean-Baptiste Bénézech (1852–1909), printer, elected deputy Hérault (1898–1909) and president of the typography workers union
- René Chauvin (1860–1936), barber, elected deputy Seine (1893–1898) and founder of the coiffeurs workers union who quit the SFIO in 1914 to found a small workers party promoing a return to class war
- Hubert Lagardelle (1875–1968), revolutionary syndicalist
- Prosper Ferrero, elected deputy for Marseille in 1898–1910, mayor of Toulon (1893) and vice president of the General Council (1914–1915)
- Jean Bertrand, elected deputy for Corbeil
- Pierre Mélin (1863–1929) luthier, vice president of the Valenciennes's Labour Court and elected deputy
- Georges Vacher de Lapouge (1854–1936), antisemitic anthropologist and eugenist, Attorney of the Republic and professor
See also
- France in the nineteenth century
- French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in which the party merged in 1905
- French Third Republic
- History of the Left in France
- Marxism
- Socialism
Bibliography
French
- WILLARD C., Le Mouvement socialiste en France, 1893-1905. Les guesdistes, Ed. sociales, 1965.
- VERLHAC J., La formation de l’unité socialiste (1898-1905), L’Harmattan, 1997 (réed. d'un mémoire paru en 1947).
External links
- Sur le POF à Reims, un mémoire de maîtrise.
- Programme du Parti ouvrier français (1880).
- Collection of Guesde's writings from marxists.org.
- Collection of Paul Lafargue's writings from marxists.org.
- Socialist Party of France. 1871-1905 : historique: La marche à l’Unité Les Congrès ouvriers et socialistes (1876–1905), 17 March 2005.