French cruiser Montcalm (1935)
 | This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (November 2008) |
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 France | |
| Name | Montcalm |
| Namesake | Louis-Joseph de Montcalm |
| Operator | French Navy |
| Builder | Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée (La Seyne-sur-Mer, France) |
| Laid down | 15 November 1933 |
| Launched | 26 October 1935 |
| Commissioned | 15 November 1937 |
| Decommissioned | 1 May 1957 |
| Fate | Scrapped 1970 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | La Galissonnière class cruiser |
| Displacement | list error: <br /> list (help) 7,600 tons (standard) 9120 tons (full load) |
| Length | 179 metres (589 feet) |
| Beam | 17.5 metres (57 feet) |
| Draught | 5.35 metres (17.5 feet) |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 2-shaft Parsons single reduction geared turbines 4 Indret boilers 84,000 shp |
| Speed | 31 knots |
| Range | list error: <br /> list (help) 7,000 nmi at 12 knots 6,800 at 14 knots 5,500 at 18 knots 1,650 at 34 knots |
| Complement | 540 |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) 9x152 mm (6 inch)/ 54.3 calibre (3x3) 8x90 mm (3.5 inch) anti-aircraft (4x2) 24x40 millimetre (6x4) 4x550mm (21.7 inch) torpedo tubes (2x2) |
| Armour | list error: <br /> list (help) main belt: 105 mm end bulkheads: 30 mm sides: 120 mm deck: 38 mm turrets: 100 mm tower: 95 mm |
| Aircraft carried | list error: <br /> list (help) up to 4 GL-832, later 2 Loire 130 flying boats 1 catapult |
The Montcalm was a French light cruiser of the La Galissonnière class, named in honour of Louis-Joseph de Montcalm. During World War II, she served with both Vichy France and the Allies.
Pre-war
After commissioning and trials, Montcalm was assigned to the 4th Cruiser Division at Brest. Pre-war activities included being stationed in Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City), French Indochina for two months from January 1938. Once back in France and part of the French Atlantic Fleet, her peacetime routine included a review for King George VI at Calais in July 1938 and she represented France at the New York World's Fair, in 1939.[1]
World War II
At the start of the war, now assigned to the 2nd Squadron of the Force de Raid[2], she performed Atlantic patrols and convoy escort duties[3] and swept for the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau after they had sunk the British Armed Merchant Cruiser Rawalpindi[4]. In early September, 1939, there was a major French fleet deployment to Casablanca to forestall an enemy naval attack, which was soon abandoned[5].
After a major refit in April 1940, Montcalm served as flagship of the French Scandinavian Force supporting the Franco-British defence of Norway (replacing the damaged Émile Bertin[6]) and the evacuation of troops from Namsos, Norway, with HMS Devonshire, at the end of April 1940.[7]
Recalled to the Force de Raid in May[8], Montcalm was then moved to Algiers in North Africa[9][10] where she stayed, performing at least one convoy escort[11], until the Destruction of the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir, when she was ordered to Toulon. On 9 September 1940, she left Toulon with her sisterships Gloire and George Leygues[12], and passed Gibraltar without being challenged (for which the local British commander, Admiral Sir Dudley North, was relieved of his command[13]). The flotilla refuelled at Casablanca and continued to Dakar, arriving on 14 September.
The three cruisers left Dakar on 18 September, intending to go south to Libreville, but they were intercepted by British forces, including HMAS Australia. The Montcalm and George Leygues outran the British ships and returned to Dakar[14], where they helped to defend the port against the unsuccessful British and Free French attack (Operation Menace) on the 23 to 25 September 1940[1]. The Gloire, slowed by mechanical troubles and unable to escape, was ordered back to Casablanca.
Apart from a deployment in April 1941 to recapture a French steamer, Fort de France[15], the next two years were relatively uneventful until the Allied landings in North Africa (Operation Torch) and the German occupation of Vichy France, when she joined the Allies, as did other French warships. Montcalm was refitted at Philadelphia, from February until August 1943, the engines were overhauled, aircraft installations removed and the French light anti-aircraft weapons were replaced and augnented[16]
Montcalm's next duty was anti-blockade-runner patrols, based from Dakar. She was allocated to the Western Task Force and supported Allied landings in Normandy in June 1944[17] and southern France in August[18]. Her war ended with coastal bombardments along the Riviera coastline until March 1945[19].
Post-war
She had a refit at Chantiers de la Seyne from May to the end of January 1946.[1]
She made a tour of Indo-China in 1955.[1]
Montcalm was decommissioned and placed in reserve, in Tunisia, on 1 May 1957. She was subsequently towed to Toulon in 1959 to serve as an accommodation hulk for the submarine school. Finally condemned on 31 December 1969, she was renamed Q457 and passed to the dockyard for disposal for scrap.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e Whitley, M J (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Arms and Armour Press. pp. p.46. ISBN 1-85409-225-1.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "French Navy". Retrieved 19 Nov 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Sunday, 22 October". Naval Events, October 1939. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Thursday, 23 November". Naval Events, November 1939. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Saturday, 2 September". Naval Events, September 1939. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Tuesday, 23 April". Naval Events, April 1940. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Mason, Geoffrey B (2004). "HMS York". Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2. Retrieved 19 Nov 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Tuesday, 14 May". Naval Events, May 1940. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "French Navy Ships, 10 June 1940". British and Other Navies in World War 2. Retrieved 19 Nov 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Tuesday, 2 April". Naval Events, April 1940. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Saturday, 22 June". Naval Events, April 1940. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Monday, 9 September". Naval Events, September 1940. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "The Papers of Admiral Sir Dudley North". Janus.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Wednesday, 18 September". Naval Events, September 1940. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kindell, Don. "Tuesday, 8 April". Naval Events, April 1941. Retrieved 19 Sep 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Whitley, M J (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Arms and Armour Press. pp. p.45. ISBN 1-85409-225-1.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Mason, Geoffrey B (2004). "HMS Talybont". Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2. Retrieved 19 Nov 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Mason, Geoffrey B (2001). "HMS Rosario". Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2. Retrieved 19 Nov 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Mason, Geoffrey B (2005). "HMS Lookout". Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2. Retrieved 19 Nov 2008.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)