French frigate Armide (1804)

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For other ships with the same name, see French ship Armide.

The action of September 1805 in which the French captured HMS Calcutta, by Thomas Whitcombe
History
French Navy EnsignFrance
NameArmide
NamesakeArmida
BuilderRochefort
Laid downNovember 1802
Launched24 April 1804
Commissioned1804
Captured1806
United Kingdom
NameArmide
Stricken1815
FateBroken up
General characteristics
Class and typeArmide-class frigate
Displacement1,330 tonnes
Tons burthen1,10430⁄94 (bm)
Length47 m (154 ft 2 in)
Beam12 m (39 ft 4 in)
Draught5.5 m (18 ft 1 in)
PropulsionSail
Complement
  • French service: 339
  • British service: 284; later 315
Armament
  • French service
    • 28 × 18-pounder long guns
    • 8 × 8-pounders
    • 8 × 36-pounder carronades
  • British service
    • UD:
      • 28 × 18-pounder guns
    • QD:
    • Fc:
      • 2 × 9-pounder guns
      • 2 × 32-pounder carronades
ArmourTimber

Armide was a 40-gun frigate of the French Navy, lead ship of her class, and launched in 1804 at Rochefort. She served briefly in the French Navy before the Royal Navy captured her in 1806. She went on to serve in the Royal Navy until 1815 when she was broken up.

French service[edit]

Armide took part in Allemand's expedition of 1805. On 18 July, she captured and burnt a Prussian cutter to maintain the secrecy of the movements of the fleet, in spite of the neutrality of Prussia at the time. The next day, she captured HMS Ranger and burnt her. She then took part in the assault on the Calcutta convoy, helping Magnanime engage and capture HMS Calcutta.

In March 1806, under Amable Troude, Armide helped repel an attack led by Robert Stopford at Les Sables-d'Olonne.

Capture[edit]

Sir Samuel Hood's engagement with the French Squadron off Rochefort, 25 September 1806, the Monarch Capt. Richard Lee, engaging La Minerve, L'Armide, & La Glore

During the action of 25 September 1806, HMS Centaur, under the command of Commodore Sir Samuel Hood, captured Armide, which was under the command of Captain Jean-Jacques-Jude Langlois, and assisted in the capture of Infatigable, Gloire and Minerve. Centaur lost three men killed and three wounded. In addition, a musket ball shattered Hood's arm, which had to be amputated. The wound forced Hood to quit the deck and leave the ship in the charge of Lieutenant William Case. Centaur also lost most of her lower rigging. In all, the British lost nine men killed and 32 wounded. Hood estimated that the French had 650 men aboard each vessel, inclusive of soldiers, but put off till later any estimate of their losses.[1]

Armide arrived at Plymouth on 2 October 1806, where she was laid up.[2] In 1807 and 1808 she was in ordinary in Plymouth. She then underwent repairs between February and October 1809.[2]

British service[edit]

Armide entered British service as the 38-gun fifth rate HMS Armide. In August 1809 Captain Lucius Ferdinand Hardyman commissioned her and assumed command.[2]

Napoleonic Wars[edit]

In January 1810 Armide, under Captain Hardyman, and the 80-gun second rate, HMS Christian VII, Captain Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke, were stationed off the Basque Roads. On 10 January, they sighted a small convoy sailing from the Île d'Aix to La Rochelle. The boats of the two ships went in under small arms and grapeshot fire from a shore battery and captured a chasse-maree of about 30 tons. The tide was ebbing too fast to bring off the other vessels so the British burnt a brig, a schooner and a chasse-maree. This was regrettable as the all were fully laden with cargoes consisting of best quality wines and brandies, soap, rosin, candles, pitch, oil, pine varnish, and the like. The cutting out expedition suffered no casualties.[3] The captured chasse maree was probably the Felicite.[4]

On 19 January Armide recaptured the brig Hope.[5] The next evening, boats from Armide and Christian VII pursued about 30 vessels that were coming out from the Maumusson Pass, between the Île d'Oléron and the mainland, making for La Rochelle. The French convoy then ran aground close under shore batteries. Still, the British were able to take one chasse-maree and burn four, despite heavy fire from the shore batteries. The rest escaped and headed back from where they had come. Two French sailors died in the affair and Armide had one man wounded.[3] The captured chasse maree was probably Glorieuse.[4]

On the night of 12 February, another convoy of ten vessels sailed from the river Charente and three chasse-marées went aground on the reef off the Point de Chatelaillon between La Rochelle and Île d'Aix. Yorke then sent in three boats each from Armide and Christian VII, plus two from HMS Seine, to attack them. Nine French gunboats, each carrying a 12-pounder carronade and six swivel guns, and manned with sufficient men for 20 to 30 oars, fled from the British boats. The British, led by Lt. Gardiner Henry Guion, captured one gunboat, killing two of her crew and wounding three, including her commander; two gunboats grounded and could not be retrieved. The British then burnt the three chasse-marees that they had captured.[6][7]

On 29 April Armide was in company with Daring when they captured the Aimable Betsie.[8] Monkey and the hired armed cutter Adrian also shared in the proceeds of the capture of Aimable Betzie.[9]

On 4 May, boats from Armide, with the assistance of boats from the 8-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop Cadmus, and the gun-brigs Monkey and Daring, attacked a French convoy of armed and coasting vessels off the Île de Ré. Despite strong fire from shore batteries and the convoy's escorts, the British capture and burnt 13 vessels and forced four ashore. Armide lost three men killed and three wounded.[10]

In August Captain Richard Dalling Dun assumed command. On 27 September, the boats of the 120-gun first rate HMS Caledonia, Captain Sir Harry Neale, the 74-gun Repulse-class third rate HMS Valiant, Captain Robert Dudley Oliver, and Armide, captured two laden brigs and burned a third that had taken shelter under the guns of a battery on the Point du Ché, near Angoulins. A force of 130 Royal Marines from the two ships of the line also took and destroyed the battery after engaging reinforcements on the way. The British suffered two men wounded, but killed at least 14 French soldiers in the battery alone.[11] The next day Armide, Caledonia, Valiant, Snapper, Arrow and the hired armed cutter Nimrod captured the San Nicolas and Aventura.[12]

On 9 January 1811, Armide and Pheasant recaptured the Nancy.[13]

Captain Francis Temple assumed command in September 1812.[2] On 10 December, Armide was in company with Piercer and so shared in the prize money from the capture of the chasse maree Civilité.[14] Armide was in sight on 23 December when the hired armed cutter Nimrod recaptured Sparkler, and so shared in the salvage money.[14]

On 16 January 1813, Armide grounded near two batteries on Point St. Jaques, Quiberon Bay. When the French hailed them, the pilot on Armide replied that she was the frigate USS President and that they required no assistance. Her crew managed to re-float Armide before the French discovered they had been tricked. Still, a court-martial reprimanded Temple, "dis-rated the master from his ship", and fined the pilot of all his pay, while also sentencing him to imprisonment in the Marshalsea for two months.[15]

War of 1812[edit]

Further information: War of 1812

From 5 February 1813 to May 1815 Armide was under the command of Captain Edward Thomas Troubridge.[2] On 14 May, he brought her into Nova Scotia, together with a convoy of three store ships from Cork.

On 7 August 1813 Armide captured an American schooner laden with munitions of war on the Rappahannock River at Windmill Point and with two ladies as passengers. Armide forwarded the ladies to their place of destination but kept their two male escorts and three sailors as prisoners.[16]

On 15 August, Armide was in company with Endymion and Pique when she captured the American privateer Herald of 230 tons burthen (bm), 17 guns and 100 men. She had thrown two guns overboard while pursued.[17] The next day Armide captured the French letter of marque Invincible, formerly Invincible Napoleon. She was armed with 16 guns but had thrown ten overboard. She was of 331 tons burthen (bm) and had a crew of 60 men.[17]

Little Belt was an American sloop of 18 tons (bm) and 3 men, sailing from New York to Charleston, that HMS Armide destroyed on 26 September off "the Capes" after taking off Little Belt's cargo.[18]

To prepare for the attack on New Orleans, in early December 1814 Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane hoisted his flag in Armide and took her together with the 38-gun frigate HMS Seahorse and the 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop HMS Sophie off Pensacola to an anchorage at the Isle of Vaisseau at the beginning of December 1814. On her way down two American gunboats fired on Armide, which led to the Battle of Lake Borgne. Boats from the British fleet, under Captain Nicholas Lockyer of Sophie, and including Armide, captured the American gunboat flotilla. In this boat action British casualties were 17 men killed, including one from Armide, and 77 wounded.[19] In 1847 the Admiralty issued a clasp (or bar) marked "14 Dec. Boat Service 1814" to survivors of the boat service who claimed the clasp to the Naval General Service Medal.[a]

After the British had succeeded in silencing American naval opposition, the British transported their troops 60 miles to Bayou Catalan (or des Pecheurs) at the head of Lake Borgne. The troops landed on 23 December and took up a position across the main road to New Orleans. While Captain Troubridge took command of the naval brigade ashore, Armide remained at anchor off Cat Island (Mississippi).

After their defeat in the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815 the British withdrew. Cochrane left the British headquarters on 14 January, returning to Armide on the 16th.[b]

Fate[edit]

In February Armide was at Bermuda ready for passage home. She was broken up in November 1815.[2]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The 'Names of Ships for which Claims have been proved' are as follows: warships Tonnant, Norge, Royal Oak, Ramillies, Bedford, Armide, Cydnus, Trave, Seahorse, Sophie, and Meteor; troopships Gorgon, Diomede, Alceste, and Belle Poule.[20]
  2. ^ Cochrane spent a month on shore, as explained in his despatch to the Admiralty, written aboard the Armide dated 18 January 1815. 'Upon the 16th therefore the advance, commanded by Colonel Thornton... took post upon the Isle aux Poix, a small swampy spot at the mouth of the Pearl river, about thirty miles from the anchorage... where Major-General Keane, Rear-Admiral Codrington, and myself joined them on the following day [17 Dec 1814].... This arrangement [for withdrawal] being in a forward state of execution, I quitted head quarters on the 14th instant, leaving Rear-Admiral Malcolm to conduct the naval part of the operations in that quarter, and I arrived at this anchorage on the 16th [January], where I am arranging for the reception of the army, and preparing the fleet for further operations.' Reproduced in the London Gazette. "No. 16991". The London Gazette. 9 March 1815. pp. 449–451.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ "No. 15962". The London Gazette. 30 September 1806. pp. 1306–1307.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Winfield (2008), pp. 177–8.
  3. ^ a b "No. 16351". The London Gazette. 13 March 1810. p. 387.
  4. ^ a b "No. 16448". The London Gazette. 29 January 1811. p. 185.
  5. ^ "No. 16458". The London Gazette. 23 February 1811. p. 363.
  6. ^ "No. 16352". The London Gazette. 17 March 1810. p. 406.
  7. ^ James, William (1824). "Vol. 5". The Naval History of Great Britain: From the Declaration of War by France in February 1793, to the accession of George IV in January 1820; with an account of the origin and progressive increase of the British Navy. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy. pp. 333–335.
  8. ^ "No. 16487". The London Gazette. 21 May 1811. p. 947.
  9. ^ "No. 16431". The London Gazette. 1 December 1810. p. 1928.
  10. ^ "No. 16371". The London Gazette. 19 May 1810. p. 731.
  11. ^ "No. 16412". The London Gazette. 9 October 1810. pp. 1597–1598.
  12. ^ "No. 16564". The London Gazette. 18 January 1812. p. 132.
  13. ^ "No. 16497". The London Gazette. 18 June 1811. p. 1131.
  14. ^ a b "No. 16826". The London Gazette. 18 December 1813. p. 2572.
  15. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 29,pp.111-2.
  16. ^ Flournoy (1892), p. 275.
  17. ^ a b "No. 16938". The London Gazette. 24 September 1814. p. 1914.
  18. ^ "No. 16853". The London Gazette. 8 February 1814. p. 307.
  19. ^ Roosevelt 1900, pp. 73–77.
  20. ^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 247.

References[edit]

  • Flournoy, Henry W. (1892) Calendar of Virginia State papers and other manuscripts:... preserved in the Capitol at Richmond. (R.F. Walker).
  • Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). "ARMIDE - Frégate de 40 canons type Armide (1804 - 1806)". Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671 - 1870. Toulon: Roche. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
  • Roosevelt, Theodore (1900). The Naval War of 1812. Vol. II. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008), British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates, Seaforth, ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7

External links[edit]

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