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GameCube online functionality

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A GameCube with a broadband adapter installed and a connected ethernet cable. ASCII Corporation produced a keyboard controller to help players communicate in Phantasy Star Online.

The GameCube is Nintendo's fourth home video game console and part of the sixth generation of video game consoles. While the competing PlayStation 2 and Xbox consoles supported substantial amounts of online games, the GameCube only had eight games with Internet or local area network (LAN) support. Nintendo never commissioned any servers or Internet services to interface with the console, but allowed other publishers to do so and made them responsible for managing the online experiences for their games. Nintendo remained tentative with their online strategy for the duration of the GameCube's lifespan despite growing interest from players and the success of Microsoft's Xbox Live online service. Company leaders including Shigeru Miyamoto and Satoru Iwata based their stance on concerns with maintaining quality control over their games and doubts that players would want to pay subscription fees.

Playing GameCube games over a network required the official broadband or modem adapter since the console did not have out of the box network capabilities. The only games released in western territories that could be played over the Internet were three role-playing games (RPGs) in Sega's Phantasy Star series. Japan received an exclusive online RPG titled Homeland and a baseball game that could not be played online but had access to downloadable content. Nintendo published three racing games limited to LAN support: 1080° Avalanche, Kirby Air Ride, and Mario Kart: Double Dash!!. Hobbyists later developed PC software that could tunnel the GameCube's local network traffic over the Internet, as well as private servers to continue hosting Phantasy Star games.

History

Satoru Iwata was comfortable with Nintendo's offline strategy and did not see sustainable profits in the online gaming market.
The official broadband adapter and dial-up modem accessories.

Before the GameCube, Nintendo had experimented with network connectivity with three accessories released exclusively in Japan for the Famicom, Super Famicom, and Nintendo 64. For the Famicom, they developed the Family Computer Network System peripheral in 1988. The device acted as a modem and allowed players to view weather forecasts, the stock market, and bet on horse races, among other activities.[1] Following their experiences with the device, Nintendo developed the Satellaview for the Super Famicom, a satellite modem peripheral. The modem communicated to a series of BS satellites which relayed information from servers hosted by satellite radio company St.GIGA. Using this service, players had access to exclusive games, magazines, and other downloads. Nintendo ended their partnership with St.GIGA in 1999, and partnered with Recruit to build a new online service for the 64DD, a magnetic disk drive add-on for the Nintendo 64. The online service was dubbed Randnet, and gave players access to message board communities and a web browser for surfing the Internet.[2][3]

In 1999, Nintendo of America stated that network capabilities were high priority for their next home console, then still codenamed the "Dolphin".[4][5] Nintendo EAD general manager Shigeru Miyamoto stated that the Dolphin needed some type of network communication because it was becoming an important component of entertainment. However, he said that Nintendo did not have any true motive to become significantly involved in the Internet business. He stated Nintendo has a responsibility to families so that parents can always feel secure with children playing Nintendo products, and went on to say that he did not think network capabilities would be a core component of their next console.[5]

In February 2000, Miyamoto said that he was interested in online gaming, but Nintendo would only get involved with it if they developed a unique approach to the idea, not because others were doing it.[6] At E3 2001, despite demonstrating their networking accessories and Phantasy Star Online, Nintendo director and general manager Satoru Iwata stated Nintendo felt confident enough with their offline strategy to not seriously explore the possibilities of online gaming. He said that Nintendo would build a network to support a worldwide audience if they could make it profitable, but he expressed doubts that online gaming would be a sustainable business model for the company, citing subscription costs as prohibitive at retaining a steady customer base.[7][8]

Nintendo remained cautious and tight-lipped with their online strategy for the remainder of the system's lifespan while competitors Microsoft and Sony were advancing their online gaming business.[9][10] Months after the system's release, Nintendo stated they were researching online projects internally, but were not planning any public demonstrations.[11] Miyamoto solidified his stance against online gaming around the same time, citing concerns that Nintendo would not be able to dictate the vision of their games nor guarantee their quality. In addition, he felt that players would not want to pay monthly fees.[12] By February 2003, analysts were projecting GameCube sales to fall by 4% in the year while Xbox sales would rise by 12%. These predictions were driven by Xbox's defined online strategy with Xbox Live and Nintendo's unclear outlook.[13]

Hardware

Nintendo released two networking accessories for the GameCube in October 2002 produced by Conexant, the Broadband Adapter (a network adapter) and the Modem Adapter (a 56k dial-up modem).[14][15] The adapters fit flush into "Serial Port 1" on the underside of the GameCube. The Broadband Adapter is built for faster Internet speeds and adds an ethernet jack to the side of the console while the Modem Adapter adds a phone jack and operates through dial-up.[16][17] Both adapters can be used for the Phantasy Star Online games and Powerful Pro, but the Broadband Adapter is required for LAN-only games and Homeland.[18][19] To help players communicate in Phantasy Star Online, ASCII Corporation released a stretched out controller with a full keyboard in the middle.[20]

Supported games

Title Publisher Regions Internet LAN
1080° Avalanche Nintendo All No Yes
Homeland Chunsoft JP Yes Yes
Jikkyō Powerful Pro Yakyū 10 Konami JP DLC No
Kirby Air Ride Nintendo All No Yes
Mario Kart: Double Dash!! Nintendo All No Yes
Phantasy Star Online Episode I & II Sega All Yes No
Phantasy Star Online Episode I & II Plus Sega JP / NA Yes No
Phantasy Star Online Episode III: C.A.R.D. Revolution Sega All Yes No

Nintendo did not develop any servers or Internet service to interface with GameCube consoles, and instead made publishers responsible for providing server interfaces and managing the online experience for their games.[21]

Phantasy Star Online

The first GameCube game with Internet access was Phantasy Star Online Episode I & II, a role-playing game (RPG) developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega. Originally released for the Dreamcast in 2000, it was ported to the GameCube in 2002 with additional content. The servers were maintained by Sega, and players were charged USD $8.95 per month to play online.[22][23] Sega released an enhanced version in 2003, subtitled Plus, which added quests to the offline mode, originally exclusive to the online mode.[24] Sega released a sequel in 2003 which also featured online modes, Phantasy Star Online Episode III: C.A.R.D. Revolution. The game features turn-based RPG battles that could be played competitively online.[25] The Phantasy Star Online servers were officially discontinued on March 31, 2007, but all three games can still be played online via fan maintained private servers.[18][26][27]

LAN games

Nintendo published three racing games with LAN multiplayer modes: 1080° Avalanche, Kirby Air Ride, and Mario Kart: Double Dash!!.[28] When playing over a LAN, multiple systems can be connected through a shared ethernet hub or two systems can be connected directly to one another with a cross cable.[29] 1080° Avalanche and Kirby Air Ride support up to four players across four consoles. If two consoles are used, up to two players can play on each system. If three or four consoles are used, only one player may play per system.[30][31] For Mario Kart, up to 16 players can play simultaneously across eight consoles, with two players controlling each kart. When two consoles are used, up to four players can play per console, with each player controlling their own kart. If more than two consoles are used, only two players can play on each system cooperatively as two characters sharing one kart.[29] Although the games do not support Internet gameplay natively, hobbyists developed third-party PC applications that tunnel the GameCube's network traffic across the Internet, such as Warp Pipe and XLink Kai.[32][33][15]

Japanese exclusives

Japan received an exclusive online RPG in 2005 by Chunsoft titled Homeland. Chunsoft did not charge a subscription fee and elected to allow players to host games on their own system, although they maintained central servers to match players with one another.[34] The host player was the "God player" and could transform the world and lead the other players, or "questers", on their adventure.[35] The matching service ended April 30, 2007.[27] Up to 35 players could join one game, and LAN connectivity was also supported.[19][36] Japan also received Jikkyō Powerful Pro Yakyū 10, a baseball game that could access free downloadable content, but offered no online gaming modes.[37]

Abandoned projects

Some developers planned networking modes for their GameCube games but these were never realized. Hironobu Sakaguchi commented in July 2001 that they were planning on taking their Final Fantasy series online and it would need to be on all platforms to be profitable, including the GameCube.[38] In May 2001, Namco mentioned they were working on six online titles for all three sixth generation consoles, including the GameCube.[39] The GameCube version of Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow had a planned online mode.[40] The first Battlefield game, Battlefield 1942, was pitched by DICE as a GameCube exclusive to Nintendo. Despite being satisfied with the pitch, negotiations never made it further because Nintendo had no online strategy.[41] LAN modes were planned for Mario Power Tennis and F-Zero GX, but these were later abandoned.[42][43][44]

See also

References

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  29. ^ a b Mario Kart: Double Dash!! instruction manual. North America: Nintendo. 2003. pp. 36–39.
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  40. ^ Burnes, Andrew (December 16, 2003). "Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow Online Enabled On GameCube". IGN. Archived from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ Ronaghan, Neal. "Battlefield Could Have Been Exclusive to GameCube". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ IGN Staff (June 24, 2004). "Mario Tennis Connected". IGN. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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