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Gelert

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For other uses, see Gelert (disambiguation).
Gelert by Charles Burton Barber (c.1894)

Gelert is the name of a legendary dog associated with the village of Beddgelert (whose name means "Gelert's Grave") in Gwynedd, north-west Wales.[1] The story of Gelert is a variation on the well-worn "Faithful Hound" folk-tale motif, which lives on as an urban legend. It is classified as Aarne-Thompson type 178A.[2]

Here, the dog is alleged to have belonged to Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Gwynedd, a gift from King John of England. In this legend, Llywelyn returns from hunting to find his baby missing, the cradle overturned, and the dog with a blood-smeared mouth. Believing the dog savaged the child, Llywelyn draws his sword and kills it. After the dog's dying yelp Llywelyn hears the cries of the baby, unharmed under the cradle, along with a dead wolf which had attacked the child and been killed by Gelert. Llywelyn is then overcome with remorse and he buries the dog with great ceremony, yet he can still hear the dying yelp. After that day Llywelyn never smiled again.

Poems and other interpretations

Who Knoweth the Spirit of Man... by Byam Shaw (1901)

This story formed the basis for several English poems, among which are "Beth Gêlert; or, the Grave of the Greyhound" by William Robert Spencer written around 1800;[3] "Beth Gelert" by Richard Henry Horne;[4] "Gelert" by Francis Orray Ticknor[5] and the dramatic poem "Llewellyn" by Walter Richard Cassels.[6] The tale is also alluded to by John Critchley Prince in lines 24 to 29 of his poem "North Wales:" "Thou hast not trod with pilgrim foot the ground / Where sleeps the canine martyr of distrust, / Poor Gelert, famed in song, as brave a hound / As ever guarded homestead, hut, or hall, / Or leapt exulting at the hunter’s call; / As ever grateful man consigned to dust."[7] Despite this, and despite the presence of a raised mound in the village called Gelert's Grave, historians do not believe that Gelert ever existed.

It is recorded in Wild Wales by George Borrow, who notes it as a well known legend; by Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, which details versions of the same story from other cultures; and by The Nuttall Encyclopaedia, under the Anglicised spellings "Gellert" and "Killhart". John Fiske discusses Gelert in his Myths and Myth-makers, saying regretfully that "as the Swiss must give up his Tell, so must the Welshman be deprived of his brave dog Gellert, over whose cruel fate I confess to having shed more tears than I should regard as well bestowed upon the misfortunes of many a human hero of romance." He notes that "to this day the visitor to Snowdon is told the touching story, and shown the place, called Beth-Gellert, where the dog's grave is still to be seen. Nevertheless, the story occurs in the fireside lore of nearly every Aryan people."

The tale indeed appears in numerous cultures with minor variations. The Alpine ligurian poem R sacrifisi dr can, written in Ligurian, tells of how a shepherd shot his sheepdog after finding it covered in sheep blood, only to later find a dead wolf in the stable.[8]

In India, a black snake replaces the wolf and a mongoose replaces the dog. In Egypt, the story goes that a cook nearly killed a Wali for having smashed a pot of herbs, but later discovers that the pot contained a poisonous snake.[9]

In Malaysian folklore, a similar story involves a tame bear, kept by a Malay hunter as the guardian of his young daughter. As in the story of Gelert, the hunter returns home from an expedition, and finds his daughter gone and the bear covered in blood. Hastily thinking the bear has devoured his daughter, the hunter kills it with his spear, but later finds the body of a tiger, killed by the bear in defence of the hunter's daughter, who shortly emerges from the jungle, from where she took refuge.[10]

In the Disney movie, Lady and the Tramp (1955), the Tramp is carried off to the pound after Aunt Sarah finds him in the baby's room with the cradle overturned. Luckily, Lady manages to show Jim Dear the big, dead rat behind the curtain, and they realize that the Tramp saved the baby. Happily in this version of the tale, "Gelert" is saved in time.

Gelert's grave

Gelert's Grave, Beddgelert, 1850
Gelert's Grave, Beddgelert

It is now accepted that the village of Beddgelert took its name from an early saint named Kilart or Celert, rather than from the dog. The "grave" mound is ascribed to David Prichard, landlord of the Goat hotel in Beddgelert in the late eighteenth century, who connected the legend to the village to encourage tourism.[citation needed]

On the supposed grave of Gelert there are two slate memorials, one in Welsh and the other in English. The latter reads:

GELERT'S GRAVE


IN THE 13TH CENTURY, LLYWELYN, PRINCE OF NORTH WALES, HAD A PALACE AT BEDDGELERT. ONE DAY HE WENT HUNTING WITHOUT GELERT "THE FAITHFUL HOUND" WHO WAS UNACCOUNTABLY ABSENT. ON LLYWELYN'S RETURN, THE TRUANT STAINED AND SMEARED WITH BLOOD, JOYFULLY SPRANG TO MEET HIS MASTER. THE PRINCE ALARMED HASTENED TO FIND HIS SON, AND SAW THE INFANT'S COT EMPTY, THE BEDCLOTHES AND FLOOR COVERED WITH BLOOD. THE FRANTIC FATHER PLUNGED THE SWORD INTO THE HOUND'S SIDE THINKING IT HAD KILLED HIS HEIR. THE DOG'S DYING YELL WAS ANSWERED BY A CHILD'S CRY. LLYWELYN SEARCHED AND DISCOVERED HIS BOY UNHARMED BUT NEAR BY LAY THE BODY OF A MIGHTY WOLF WHICH GELERT HAD SLAIN, THE PRINCE FILLED WITH REMORSE IS SAID NEVER TO HAVE SMILED AGAIN. HE BURIED GELERT HERE. THE SPOT IS CALLED BEDDGELERT.

See also

References

  1. ^ Jenkins, D. E. (1899). "Chapter V. The Legend of Gelert". Bedd Gelert: Its Facts, Fairies and Folklore. Portmadog: L. Jenkins. pp. 56–74.
  2. ^ D. L. Ashliman, Llewelyn and His Dog Gelert and other folktales of Aarne-Thompson type 178A
  3. ^ Curry, Charles Madison; Clippinger, Erle Ellsworth (1921). "Beth Gêlert; or, the Grave of the Greyhound" poem by %5b%5bWilliam Robert Spencer%5d%5d Children's Literature. Chicago: Rand McNally. pp. 436–437. Retrieved October 29, 2011. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  4. ^ Horne, Richard Henry (1846). "Beth Gelert" Ballad Romances. London: Charles Ollier. p. 187. Retrieved October 29, 2011. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  5. ^ Ticknor, Francis Orray (1911). "Gelert" The poems of Francis Orray Ticknor. New York & Washington: The Neale Publishing Co. p. 85. Retrieved October 29, 2011. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help) poem
  6. ^ Cassels, Walter Richard. "Llewellyn".
  7. ^ Prince, John Critchley (1880). "North Wales" The poetical works of John Critchley Prince. Vol. 1. Manchester: Abel Heywood & Son. p. 326. Retrieved October 29, 2011. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help) poem
  8. ^ Cultura alpina in Liguria, by Realdo e Verdeggia, published by SAGEP EDITRICE, 1984, ISBN 88-7058-106-3, 254 pages
  9. ^ Childhood of Religions: Embracing a Simple Account of the Birth and Growth of Myths and Legends, by Edward Clodd, published by Kessinger Publishing, 1998, ISBN 0-7661-0502-4, ISBN 978-0-7661-0502-7, 300 pages
  10. ^ Malay magic: an introduction to the folklore and popular religion of the Malay Peninsular, by Walter William Skeat, Charles Otto Blagden, edition: illustrated, published by Routledge, 1965, ISBN 0-7146-2026-2, ISBN 978-0-7146-2026-8, 685 pages
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gelert.

Further reading

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Gellert".
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