Centrochelys burchardi
| Tenerife giant tortoise Temporal range: Miocene - Pleistocene
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| Bone rest of Geochelone burchardi in Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. | |
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| Species: | †G. burchardi
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| Geochelone burchardi Ahl, 1926
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The Tenerife giant tortoise[1] (Geochelone burchardi) is an extinct species of cryptodira turtle in the family Testudinidae endemic to the island of Tenerife, in the Canary Islands.[2][3]
Characteristics
It was a large tortoise, similar to those currently found in some oceanic islands like the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean.[3]
The earliest remains of G. burchardi found on Tenerife date from the Miocene epoch. This tortoise is thought to have inhabited the island until the Upper Pleistocene, when volcanic activity at that time exterminated them long before humans arrived during the Holocene.[4] Most fossils are of bones and shells, as well as a nest of fossilized eggs found in volcanic soil in the south of Tenerife, in the present municipality of Adeje. This species of giant turtle was described in 1926 by Ernst Ahl, the first time a giant turtle endemic to the Canary Islands described.[1]
Another extinct tortoise species, G. vulcanica, is known from the island of Gran Canaria. G. burchardi had a larger shell, with a length of approximately 65 to 94 cm, while G. vulcanica shell had a 61 cm.[4] Both have links to various North African species of Geochelone. Therefore, it is believed that the ancestors of these turtles could reach the eastern islands of the Canary Islands from the continent and progressively moved to westward through that archipelago as their size also increased and its appearance evolved to adapt to the conditions of the archipelago.[4]
Fossilized tortoise eggs have been found in the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura; however, these eggs have not yet been properly described or named.[2] The species of Fuerteventura has been linked to G. burchardi, but this identification is uncertain, and has been challenged.[5][6]
See also
- List of extinct animals
- List of African animals extinct in the Holocene
- List of extinct animals of Europe
- Island gigantism
References
- ^ a b The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database Extinct Reptiles: Geochelone burchardi
- ^ a b Fauna subfósil de las Islas Canarias
- ^ a b La Paleontología de vertebrados en Canarias
- ^ a b c El legado paleontológico de nuestras islas
- ^ New chelonian eggs from the Tertiary of Lanzarote of Fuerteventura
- ^ The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database Extinct Reptiles: Geochelone