Gerson Goldhaber
Gerson Goldhaber | |
---|---|
Born | [1][2][3] | February 20, 1924
Died | July 19, 2010[2][3] | (aged 86)
Nationality | Germany[1][2][3] |
Citizenship | United States[2] |
Alma mater | M.Sc Hebrew University of Jerusalem[1][2][3] Ph.D. University of Wisconsin–Madison[1][2][3] |
Known for | Charm Meson Discovery,[1][2][3] Dark Energy Discovery[1][2][3] |
Awards | Panofsky Prize[1][2][3] |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Particle Physics, Cosmology[1][2][3] |
Institutions | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory[1][2][3] University of California, Berkeley[1][2] |
Academic advisors | M.Sc Thesis Advisor Ernst Alexander[1] |
Gerson Goldhaber (February 20, 1924 – July 19, 2010) was an American particle physicist and astrophysicist. He was one of the discoverers of the J/ψ meson which confirmed the existence of the charm quark.[4] He worked at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with the Supernova Cosmology Project,[1] and was a professor of physics emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley as well as a professor at Berkeley's graduate school in astrophysics.[5]
Biography
Goldhaber was born on February 20, 1924 in Germany. His Jewish family fled Nazi Germany to Egypt and Goldhaber earned a master's degree in physics in 1947 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Goldhaber was awarded his Ph.D. in 1950 from the University of Wisconsin and became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1953 while he was on the faculty of Columbia University.[6]
Goldhaber became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and did additional work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. At Berkeley, Goldhaber was part of a particle physics research team that used photographic emulsion to track the movements of subatomic particles in proton-proton scattering experiments that led to the identification of the antiproton, a discovery that earned Owen Chamberlain and Emilio G. Segrè the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959. A particle he discovered in 1963 was given the name A meson, named after his son Amos.[6]
In 1974, Goldhaber was part of a team at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center led by Burton Richter that co-discovered the J/ψ meson, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm antiquark. Richter was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976 for his research, together with Samuel C. C. Ting of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who found the particle as part of his own research. For his work on the project, Goldhaber won the American Physical Society's Panofsky Prize and was named California Scientist of the Year.[6]
He later became involved with Carl Pennypacker and Saul Perlmutter, who had founded the Supernova Cosmology Project in 1988 at Lawrence Berkeley, which searched the universe for signs of supernovae, which could be used to determine the rate at which the universe was expanding. By 1997, data that Goldhaber had gathered provided evidence that the rate of the expansion of the universe was increasing due to what they termed dark energy, contrary to the prevailing theory that expansion would slow down and ultimately reverse itself with a Big Crunch as the ultimate fate of the universe.[6]
Goldhaber was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Together with Robert N. Cahn, Goldhaber co-wrote the text The Experimental Foundations of Particle Physics.[6]
A resident of Berkeley, California, Goldhaber died at his home there at age 86 on July 19, 2010. He was survived by his second wife, science writer Judith Margoshes Golwyn, as well as two daughters, a son and three grandchildren. During their 41-year marriage, he collaborated with Golwyn on two books of sonnets, which were illustrated with watercolors he had painted. His marriage to nuclear chemist Sulamith Goldhaber ended with her death from a brain tumor in 1965 while the couple was traveling in India. Goldhaber's brother Maurice is a particle physicist who served as director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, one of many physicists in Goldhaber's family.[6]
Awards and honors
- Fellow of the American Physical Society[5]
- 1991 - Panofsky Prize of the American Physical Society in recognition of his discovery of charmed mesons[7]
- 1982 - Elected as a foreign member of the Swedish Royal Academy[5]
- 1977 - California Scientist of the Year award, for his work on charmed mesons[5]
- 1976-77 - Morris Loeb Lecturer in Physics, Harvard University[5]
- 1977 - Elected member of the National Academy of Sciences[5]
- 1972-73 - Guggenheim Fellow at CERN[5]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Goldhaber Biography
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Yarris 2010
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Perlman 2010
- ^ "1976 Nobel Prize in Physics". Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Gerson Goldhaber". Faculty Listing. Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
- ^ a b c d e f Hofffman, Jascha. "Gerson Goldhaber, Particle Physicist, Is Dead at 86", The New York Times, July 25, 2010. Accessed July 26, 2010.
- ^ "1991 W.K.H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics Recipient". American Physical Society. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
Bibliography
- "Goldhaber Biography". Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysic. Archived from the original on 2010-07-24. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
- Perlman, David (2010-07-22). "Gerson Goldhaber, world-famed physicist, dies". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California: Hearst Corporation. p. C - 4. Archived from the original on 2010-07-22. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- Yarris, Lynn (2010-07-21). "In Memoriam: Gerson Goldhaber, renowned physicist". News Center. Berkeley, California: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2010-07-21. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
- Hoffman, Jascha (2010-07-25). "Gerson Goldhaber, Particle Physicist, Is Dead at 86". New York Times.
See also
- Sulamith Goldhaber — wife and colleague
- Maurice Goldhaber — brother
- 1924 births
- 2010 deaths
- American people of Israeli descent
- American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
- Austrian Jews
- Austrian people of German descent
- Austrian immigrants to Israel
- Cosmologists
- American people of German-Jewish descent
- German Jews
- Guggenheim Fellows
- Harvard University staff
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
- Israeli Jews
- Israeli people of German origin
- People from Chemnitz
- People from Vienna
- University of California, Berkeley faculty
- University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni