Glasmine 43
The Glasmine 43 was an anti-personnel mine with a glass body used by the Germans during World War II.
This mine was developed with a greatly reduced metal footprint in order not to be sensed by the improved metal detectors being deployed. It was a precursor of the minimum metal mine type. The use of less metal was beneficial because it saved this valuable war resource for other uses.
Glass shrapnels were not easily detectable via X-Rays, this rendered the medical assistance to the victims much harder than conventional mines. Glass also carried an increased infection risk; moreover life-threatening injuries sustained were more difficult to assess.
During the production of the first batches, mechanical igniters were used (Hebelzünder 44); in later models, chemical igniters were preferred.
The entire body of the mine was made of glass and its size comparable to a small flower pot measuring about 150 mm in diameter, 105 mm height and 1,2 kg of weight.[1] The glass cover broke when loaded with at least 10 kg of weight and activated the payload.[2]
The "Hebelzünder 44" had a percussion cap, which once activated, lit a booster-precharge that in turn activated the main payload.[3]
The improved version was fitted with a chemical igniter which consisted of two liquids in two separated containers. When stepped over, these containers would break and the mixing of the two liquids would trigger the main explosive charge (around 200gr of TNT, "type 28"). Another variant consisted of a liquid and a powder preigniter. Due to these arrangements, the mines were dangerous to transport and to lay in the fields.
In 1944 and 1945 11 million mines were produced; at the end of the War 9.7 million were still in the stocks.[4] Among different companies, the Glashütte Gifhorn participated in the production.
Demining areas with this type of mine is resource expensive, the fields must be swept either by hand or with Mine flail like the Keiler, not forgetting that the latter has a certain margin of error since it was developed with other tactical deployment (creating pathways through minefields).
Mines of this type are still buried in the Eifel National Park on the grounds of the Vogelsang Military Training Area, a former "Nazi-leadership" training center.[5]
In 2004 "home-made" mines of this type were employed by the Guerrilla in Colombia.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Glasmine (Retrieved on 28 September 2012)
- ^ Functioning, Assembly and Pictures of Glasminen (english)(Retrieved on 11 June 2012)
- ^ Hebelzünder 44(Retrieved on 11 June 2012
- ^ TM-E 30-451 Handbook on German Military Forces (english) (Retrieved on 11 Juni 2012)
- ^ Dieter Wulf: Am Rande des Nationalparks Eifel, 5. April 2009 in Deutschlandfunk, Retrieved on 8 September 2013
- ^ Personenminen Retrieved 21 November 2012
External links
- Description and images on LEXPEV
- Catalog of Enemy Ordnance, U.S. Office of Chief of Ordnance, 1945
- Another short description on Castle Argghhh!!!