Gwerful Mechain
Gwerful Mechain | |
|---|---|
| Born | |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Years active | fl. 1460-1502 |
| Known for | Erotic poetry |
Gwerful Mechain (fl. 1460–1502), is the only female medieval Welsh poet from whom a substantial body of work is known to have survived. She is known for her erotic poetry, in which she praised the vulva among other things.
Life
Gwerful Mechain lived in Mechain in Powys. Little is known of her life, but it is generally accepted that she was a descendant of a noble family from Llanfechain.[1]
Her father was Hywel Fychan of Mechain in Powys,[2] her mother was named Gwenhwyfar, and she had at least four siblings (three brothers and a sister). She married John ap Llywelyn Fychan and had at least one child, a daughter named Mawd.[3]
Work
She is perhaps the most famous female Welsh-language poet after Ann Griffiths (1776–1805), who was also from northern Powys. Her work, composed in the traditional strict metres, including cywyddau and englynion, is often a celebration of religion or sex, sometimes within the same poem.
Probably the most famous part of her work today is her erotic poetry, especially Cywydd y Cedor ("Poem to the Vagina"), a poem praising the vulva. In it, she upbraids male poets for celebrating so many parts of a woman's body but ignoring "the middle." "Let songs about the quim circulate," she adjures her readers. "Lovely bush, God save it."
She actively participated in the poetic culture of her day. Many of her surviving poems are examples of Ymrysonau,[1] or poetic or bardic contentions or debates, with contemporaries such as Dafydd Llwyd of Mathafarn, Ieuan Dyfi and Llywelyn ap Gutun.[4]
References
- ^ a b Koch, John T (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historic Encyclopedia Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 862. ISBN 9781851094400.
- ^ Harries, Leslie. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
- ^ Gramich, Katie (2018). The Works of Gwerful Mechain. Broadview Press. p. 7-8.
- ^ Howells, Nerys Ann (2001). Gwaith Gwerful Mechain ac Eraill. Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru.
Bibliography
- Foster, Donald W., Michael O'Connell, Christine Reno, and Harriet Spiegel (eds.) "Gwerful Mechain." Women’s Works, volume 1: 900 – 1550, Wicked Good Books, 2013, ISBN 978-0-9882820-0-1
- Gramich, Katie. "Orality and Morality: Early Welsh Women’s Poetry," Cardiff University, 2005.
- Gramich, Katie (ed.) The Works of Gwerful Mechain, Broadview Press, 2018, ISBN 978-1-55481-414-5
- Howells, Nerys Ann (ed.) Gwaith Gwerful Mechain ac Eraill, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, 2001, ISBN 0-947531-26-2
- Olsen, Kirsten. Chronology of Women's History, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994, ISBN 0-313-28803-8, ISBN 978-0-313-28803-6
See also
External links
- A short biography (archived), Gwarnant
- Cywydd y Cedor ("Poem to the Vagina"): English translation (archived) by Dafydd Johnston
- I'w gŵr am ei churo ("To her husband for beating her"): English translation by A.M. Juster
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