HMS Sandfly (1872)
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Sandfly |
| Builder | John Cuthbert, Millers Point, New South Wales |
| Launched | 5 December 1872 |
| Decommissioned | 1883 |
| Fate | Sold in 1883 to Tonga |
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Type | Beagle-class schooner |
| Tons burthen | 120 bm |
| Length | 77 ft 0 in (23.5 m) |
| Beam | 18 ft 6 in (5.6 m) |
| Depth of hold | 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) |
| Sail plan | Schooner |
| Complement | 27 |
| Armament | 1 × 12-pounder gun |
HMS Sandfly was a schooner of the Royal Navy, built by John Cuthbert, Millers Point, New South Wales and launched on 5 December 1872.[2] She commenced service on the Australia Station at Sydney in 1873 for anti-blackbirding operations in the South Pacific.[2] She was paid off in 1883 and purchased for the Tongan Government by the Reverend S W Baker retaining the name Sandfly.[3]
Voyages
[edit]The Sandfly was assigned to Australia Station at Sydney till June 1873. Her maiden voyage was short tour to the South Seas islands. In October, under Lieutenant W H Nowell, she seized the brig Aurora for breaching the Imperial Labour Act, which banned the practice of blackbirding.[4] Her second voyage in 1874 was to New Guinea to assist with surveying, but she was caught in a storm and had her rudder damaged. After receiving assistance from HMS Basilisk she returned to Sydney.[5] Her next voyage took her to Santa Cruz where on 17 September she came under attack by a large group of islanders in canoes. After a brief but fierce skirmish a breeze came up and she was able to make good her escape. Santa Cruz islanders had attacked and massacred the crew of the Lapwing several months earlier.[6]
The Sandfly Incident
[edit]
In 1880 the Sandfly was tasked with undertaking hydrographic surveys work in the Solomon Islands and New Guinea under the command of Lieutenant James Bower, the 27-year-old son of Admiral James Paterson Bower. On 13 October 1880 the Sandfly anchored at Guadalcanal. Lieutenant Bower then took the ships whaleboat to the Nggela Islands with five sailors from the Sandfly to survey the east coast of Nggela Pile. They camped on Mandoliana Island, a small island opposite Nggela Pile. A group of four islanders from Gaeta led by Vuria who was the son of Kalekona, a big man, saw them and attacked Bower and his party.
Four of the sailors were killed in the initial attack. Bower managed to escape and hid, but was later found and killed by the islanders. The surviving sailor managed to elude the attackers and swim 16 kilometres to Honggo on Nggela Pile where he was rescued and taken to safety by another islander. When the party did not return as expected on 20 October the Sandfly began a search. On 22 October it located the surviving sailor and hearing of the attack sailed into Rita Bay, opposite Mandoliana Island, to exact reprisals on the islanders. None were found so the crew burnt several canoes that were on the beach. When they were leaving a group of islanders came out of the surrounding bush and opened fire on the sailors, killing one and wounding another. The Sandfly then returned to Sydney and reported the incident.[7]
HMS Emerald under Captain William Maxwell was dispatched to the Nggela Islands in December to locate the attackers. Being unable to do so the crew of the Emerald set fire to numerous islanders houses, cut down fruit trees and destroyed canoes in reprisal for this and other incidents. Approximately 33 villages were destroyed.[8][9] The English Government was not satisfied with the outcome and sent Commander James Bruce on HMS Cormorant,[10] along with HMS Alert.[11] The ships were joined in the Solomons by HMS Renard.[12] Bruce blockaded the islands and declared war on them unless they handed over the attackers within 14 days. With this turn of events Bishop John Selwyn, who was visiting the islands intervened and persuaded Kalekona to give up the perpetrators, including his son. The four natives who accompanied Vuria were executed, but Vuria managed to escape and went into hiding. Vuria continued to be unsuccessfully hunted by the British for some years after his escape.[13][14][15][16]
Merchant career
[edit]After the ships acquisition by the Tongan government in 1883 she sailed as a 76-ton schooner principally between Tonga and New Zealand.[17] In December 1887 she was transferred into ownership of Tongan's and chartered by Messrs Donald and Edinborough for use in the island trade.[18]
In 1889 she was sold to Captain W T Fitzpatrick of Sydney. In January 1891 the Sandflys Chief Officer Sam Craig was shot and killed by Solomon Islands natives on Makira while he and three crew members were landing to collect copra from the island.[19] The reason for the shooting was unknown but the man who shot Craig had recently been returned to the island by the Sandfly.[20] HMS Royalist and the gunboat HMS Ringdove of the Australian Squadron were sent to the Solomon's to avenge the murder of Craig and a later unrelated murder of an English trader, Fred Howard. The Sandfly, which was in the Solomons when the Royalist arrived accompanied it to the location of Craig's murder.[21]
On 3 December 1892, while loading copra at Makira the Sandfly, under Captain Fitzgerald, was swept onto rocks by the tide and wrecked. The crew had tried to tow the schooner away from the rocks before it founded but were unable to do so. They had also found that the water was to deep for the ships anchors to purchase. All 5 crew on board the Sandfly were able to leave the boat as the weather was calm at the time and make there way to the settlement on Ugi Island.[3][22] The Marine Board of Inquiry found the crew had done all they reasonably could be expected to do under the circumstances.[23]
Niuatoputapu eruption
[edit]In late September or early October 1886 the French steamer Decres notified authorities in Fiji that it had witnessed a volcanic eruption on Niuatoputapu, Tonga. Once Tongan authorities had visited the island the Sandfly among others ships was used to supply provisions to the islanders.[24]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Winfield (2004) p. 301
- ^ a b Bastock, p. 60.
- ^ a b "untitled". Auckland Star. No. 40. 17 February 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 17 April 2024 – via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
- ^ The cruise of the gunboat Sandfly, Evening News (Sydney, NSW), Tue 2 Dec 1873, Page 3
- ^ The cruise of HM schooner Sandfly, The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld), Fri 15 May 1874, page 2
- ^ Massacre of the crew of the Lapwing, Evening News (Sydney, NSW), Thu 22 October 1874, p. 2
- ^ "Massacre of Lieutenant Bower and five seamen of H.M.S. Sandfly". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 December 1880. p. 7. Retrieved 9 July 2019 – via Trove.
- ^ "Burn, J G, fl 1881 : Diary kept aboard HMS Emerald during the time spent in the Solomon Islands". National Library of New Zealand. 25 August 1881. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ "Punishing the South Sea Islanders". The Goulburn Herald and Chronicle. 2 February 1881. p. 4. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2019 – via Trove.
- ^ "How Kalekona Got His Head". IV(11) Pacific Islands Monthly. 22 June 1934. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ Shipping, Launceston Examiner, Wed 27 Apr 1881, page 2
- ^ Recent outrages in the South Seas, Evening News (Sydney, NSW), Wed 22 Jun 1881, page 2
- ^ Fox, Charles E., Lord of the Southern Isles: Being the Story of the Anglican Mission in Melanesia - 1849-1949, Charles E Fox, Mowbray, London, 1958. pages 33–34
- ^ Joint Memorandum of the Agents-General of the Australasian Colonies to the Right Honorable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the question of annexation, Timaru Herald, Volume XXXIX, Issue 2818, 4 October 1883, page 8
- ^ "Another massacre in the South Sea Islands, The Sydney Morning Herald, Tuesday 30 November 1880, p. 7". Retrieved 17 October 2010.
- ^ "Cruise of H.M.S. Diamond". The Sydney Morning Herald. 13 January 1886. p. 7. Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2019 – via Trove.
- ^ "Tonga". Auckland Star. No. 86. 20 April 1885. p. 4. Retrieved 17 April 2024 – via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
- ^ "Imports". Auckland Star. No. 286. 5 December 1887. p. 4. Retrieved 17 April 2024 – via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
- ^ The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), Fri 23 Jan 1891, Page 4, Solomon Island Murder
- ^ The Albury Banner and Wodonga Express (NSW), Fri 30 Jan 1891, Page 29, New South Wales Mems
- ^ The Age (Melbourne), Sat 29 Aug 1891, Page 4, The Solomon Islands
- ^ The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW), Mon 6 Mar 1893, Page 3, The wreck of the Sandfly
- ^ Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW), Thu 30 Mar 1893, Page 4, Marine Board inquiries
- ^ "Volcanic eruption". Auckland Star. No. 235. 6 October 1886. p. 2. Retrieved 17 April 2024 – via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
References
[edit]- Bastock, John (1988), Ships on the Australia Station, Child & Associates Publishing Pty Ltd; Frenchs Forest, Australia. ISBN 0-86777-348-0
- Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6. OCLC 52620555.