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HMS Spencer (1795)

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For other ships with the same name, see HMS Spencer, HMS Lily, and Général Ernouf (ship).
History
Royal Navy EnsignUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Spencer
BuilderBermuda
AcquiredBy purchase
RenamedHMS Lilly in 1800
CapturedMarch 1804
French Navy Ensign (1794-1815)France
NameGénéral Ernouf
AcquiredBy capture March 1804
CapturedDestroyed by explosion in action in 1805
General characteristics [1]
Class and typeBrig-sloop or ship-sloop
Tons burthen211 12⁄94 bm
Length92 ft 6 in (28.2 m) (overall); 72 ft 0 in (21.9 m) (keel)
Beam22 ft 11 in (7.0 m)
Depth of hold12 ft 0 in (3.7 m)
Sail planThree-masted sloop
Complement
  • British service:121
  • Privateer: 129 sailors + 31 soldiers (when lost)
Armament
  • British service
  • 14 ×  12-pounder carronades + 2 ×  4-pounder bow chasers
  • Privateer
  • 18 ×  12-pounder carronades + 2 ×  4-pounder bow chasers

HMS Spencer was a 16-gun brig-sloop of the Royal Navy, formerly the civilian Sir Charles Grey. The Admiralty purchased her in 1795, after having hired her in 1793-94, and renamed her HMS Lilly in 1800.[Note 1] The French privateer Dame Ambert captured her in 1804 and Lilly became the French privateer Général Ernouf. She blew up in 1805 while in an engagement with HMS Renard.

Origins

On 11 August 1795 Captain Francis Pender arrived at Bermuda. Shortly thereafter he purchased two vessels, one of which became Bermuda and the other of which was the Sir Charles Grey, which he renamed Spencer. Sir Charles Grey had been a privateer and for a while a hired armed vessel,[1] and was named for Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey. Commander Thomas Hurd, of Bermuda, commissioned her, but he had been engaged in hydrographic survey work and Pender replaced him in Spencer with Lieutenant Andrew F. Evans.[3][4]

Career

On 4 May 1796 Spencer was sailing in company with Esperance and Bonetta when they sighted a suspicious vessel.[5] Spencer set off in chase while shortly thereafter Esperance saw two vessels, a schooner and a sloop, and she and Bonetta set off after them. Spencer sailed south-southeast and the other two British vessels sailed southwest by west, with the result that they lost sight of each other. Spencer captured the French gun-brig Volcan,[4][Note 2] while Bonetta and Esperance captured the schooner Poisson Volant.[5]

Spencer shared with Bonetta and Esperence in the prize money for "Puissant Volant".[7] Similarly, Esperance and Bonetta shared with Spencer in the proceeds of the capture of Volcan.[8]

Commander J. Dunbar replaced Evans in August 1798,[3] and remained in command until November 1798. His replacement was J. Walton.[9]

Around September 1799, Joseph Spear was promoted to Commander and became captain of Lily, on the Halifax station.[Note 3]

On 10 May 1800 the Royal Navy launched the 74-gun third rate Spencer. To avoid having two vessels with the same name, the brig-sloop Spencer became Lilly.

In May 1801 Lilly was in the Bahamas, still under Spear, and a year later she was at Halifax, on the Halifax station.[11] The Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, Sir John Wentworth, had requested that the navy station a vessel there "in the season" to interrupt the contraband trade by American vessels.[12] Spear transferred from Lilly in 1802.

Commander W. Compton replaced Spear in December 1802. In August 1803 Lilly was under the command of Randall McDonnell.[3]

On 27 February 1804, Lilly, under Captain William Lyall, were at Halifax where Llyall had to draw a bill of exchange to pay the expenses of boats and crews serving the ship.[13] Lilly was on her way to Bermuda when on 1 March she captured the Batavian Republic schooner Draak near Bermuda. Draak was armed with four 4-pounder guns and one long 3-pounder gun, and had a crew of 50 men under the command of a "lieutenant of frigate" Jan Justus Dingemans. She was seven weeks out of Curaçoa but had not taken anything.[14] Lyall reported that the engagement lasted 15 minutes and that Draak made preparations to board Lilly, but then struck. The engagement resulted in a marine on Lilly losing his arm, and in the death of two men on Draak, and one wounded. Lyall described Draak as a four-year-old Bermuda-built vessel, coppered, and a remarkably fast sailer.[15] After Lyall, Lilly again came under the command of Commander William Compton.[1]

Capture

Lily was off the coast of Georgia in the afternoon of 14 July 1804 when she sighted two vessels. She sailed towards them but by sunset was only able to determine that one was a ship and the other a smaller vessel, possibly the larger vessel's prize. In the morning the larger vessel could be seen towing the smaller. As Lilly approached, the larger vessel dropped her tow and sailed to engage Lilly.[16]

The enemy vessel proceeded to stay by Lilly's stern and to use her long guns at ranges Lilly's carronades could not match. The fire from the enemy vessel killed Compton and so damaged Lilly's rigging that she lost her ability to manoeuvre. Seeing that the enemy vessel was preparing to board, Lieutenant Samuel Fowler, who was now in command, wanted to surrender, but the warrant officers objected. As the two vessels came alongside Lily was finally able to fire a broadside, which the French returned, and French fire killed Fowler. The British repelled several French attempts to board but eventually the French prevailed. Lilly's casualties were Compton and Fowler killed, and 16 men wounded.[16]

The French vessel was Dame Ambert, a privateer of 16 guns.[17] Dame Ambert had been the British packet Marlborough (or Marlboro, Duke of Marlborough, or General Marlborough), prior to her capture.[18]

The French put their British prisoners onto a prize vessel and sent them into Hampton Roads. Once in America, a number of the British seamen deserted.[16]

French privateer

Her captors had Lilly fitted out as a privateer and renamed Général Ernouf for Jean Augustin Ernouf, governor of Guadeloupe.

On 1 July 1804 Général Ernouf encountered the British letter of marque Britannia, which was under the command of Captain D. Leavey, but did not engage. Four days later the two again sighted each other, and again the French vessel did not engage. However, one month later, on 5 August, Général Ernouf encountered Britannia, and this time, sensing an easy capture as her quarry appeared unready, came alongside and attempted to board. The two vessels exchanged both cannon and small arms fire, with Britannia twice repulsing boarding attempts. After the engagement left both vessels with severely damaged masts and rigging, Général Ernouf withdrew, with Britannia in pursuit; however, Britannia lost her attacker in the dark after night fell. Britannia had one man killed (a passenger who volunteered his services), and four wounded, Leavey among them.[19][Note 4]

On 14 August the frigate Galatea attempted to cut out Général Ernouf, which was sheltering at the Saintes near Guadeloupe where shore batteries could protect her. The attack was a debacle for the British, who failed completely in their attempt.[21] Galatea's captain, Henry Heathcote, had been too obvious in his reconnoitering and the French were waiting for the night attack.[21] In all, the British lost some 10 men killed, including Lieutenant Charles Hayman (the commander of the boarding party and first lieutenant of Galatea), and 55 or more wounded or captured.[21] The French lost four killed and suffered some wounded, among them Captain Lapointe, commander of Général Ernouf, and Lieutenant Mouret, commander of the detachment of troops the French stationed aboard her in anticipation of the attack. The French also captured Galatea's barge, which the other three boats of the cutting out party could not retrieve as they made their escape.[21]

Destruction

On 20 March 1805 HMS Renard was at 21°14′N 71°30′W / 21.233°N 71.500°W / 21.233; -71.500 when she sighted a ship to the north-west. Renard gave chase and as she approached, her quarry shortened sail and made ready to engage. At 2:20 p.m., Renard opened fire. After 35 minutes, the French vessel appeared to be on fire, and ten minutes later she exploded. Renard lowered a boat and was able to rescue 55 men, all the rest of the 160 men aboard the French vessel having perished. The survivors reported that their vessel was the Général Ernouf. She had been under the command of Paul Gerard Pointe, and was seven days out of Basseterre. She had intended to intercept the homeward-bound Jamaica fleet. Prior to the explosion, Général Ernouf had 20-30 men killed and wounded; Renard had only nine wounded.[22]

Notes. citations, and references

Notes

  1. ^ The spelling varies between Lily and Lilly. Colledge uses Lily.[2] Winfield uses Lilly.[1]
  2. ^ Volcan had been launched at Lorient in 1793 as a brig-rigged gunboat armed with only one 18-popunder gun. However, when the French Navy sent her overseas they armed her instead with twelve 4-pounder guns. Originally she had a crew of 38 men, later increased to 80.[6]
  3. ^ This information comes from a later biographical note and may represent anachronism .[10]
  4. ^ There is a record of a letter of marque being issued on 2 June 1803 to the ship Britannia, Matthew [sic] Leavey, master. She was of 455 tons (bm), was armed with twenty-9-pounder guns, and had a crew of 35 men.[20] In his description of the engagement, Leavey mentioned that desertions and illness had left him short-handed and unable to fully-man his guns.[19]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d Winfield (2008), p.268.
  2. ^ Colledge (2006), p.229.
  3. ^ a b c "NMM, vessel ID 370133" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol vii. National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  4. ^ a b "NMM, vessel ID 3761553" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol x. National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  5. ^ a b "No. 13923". The London Gazette. 20 August 1796.
  6. ^ Winfield and Roberts (2015), p. 275.
  7. ^ "No. 15298". The London Gazette. 30 September 1800.
  8. ^ "No. 15711". The London Gazette. 16 June 1804.
  9. ^ Naval Chronicle (1800), Vol. 3, p534.
  10. ^ The Gentleman's Magazine, (1837), Vol. 162, pp.88-9.
  11. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 11, Appendix.
  12. ^ Congressional edition, (1912) Volume 5932. United States. Congress. (U.S. G.P.O.), p.98.
  13. ^ Letter from Lyall to William Marsden - ADM 354/213/454 - accessed 7 July 2015.
  14. ^ "No. 15706". The London Gazette. 29 May 1804.
  15. ^ "No. 15710". The London Gazette. 12 June 1804.
  16. ^ a b c Hepper (1994), pp.105-6.
  17. ^ Colledge (2006), p.379.
  18. ^ James (1837), Vol. 3, pp.271-273.
  19. ^ a b Williams (1897), pp. 393-5.
  20. ^ [1] Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815, p.54.
  21. ^ a b c d James (1837), Vol 3, pp.273–6.
  22. ^ "No. 15817". The London Gazette. 18 June 1805.

References

  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
  • James, William (1837). The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV. R. Bentley.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1861762461.
  • Williams, Gomer (1897; since republished) History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque: With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade. (W. Heinemann).
  • Winfield, Rif & Stephen S Roberts (2015) French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786 - 1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. (Seaforth Publishing). ISBN 9781848322042

This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales Licence, by the National Maritime Museum, as part of the Warship Histories project.

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