Hans Suess

For the artist, see Hans von Kulmbach.

Hans Eduard Suess
Born	(1909-12-29)29 December 1909 Vienna, Austria
Died	20 September 1993(1993-09-20) (aged 83) La Jolla, California, USA
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Known for	Suess effect
Scientific career
Fields	Chemistry

Hans Eduard Suess (December 16, 1909 – September 20, 1993) was an Austrian born American physical chemist and nuclear physicist. He was a grandson of the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess.

Career

Suess earned his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Vienna in 1935. During World War II, he was part of a team of German scientists studying nuclear power and was advisor to the production of heavy water in a Norwegian plant (see Operation Gunnerside).

After the war, he collaborated on the shell model of the atomic nucleus with future (1963) Nobel Prize winner Hans Jensen.

In 1950, Suess emigrated to the United States. He did research in the field of cosmochemistry, investigating the abundance of certain elements in meteorites with Harold Urey (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1934) at the University of Chicago. In 1955, Suess was recruited for the faculty of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and in 1958 he became one of the four founding faculty members of the University of California, San Diego. He remained at UCSD as Professor until 1977 and as Emeritus Professor thereafter. He established a laboratory at UCSD for carbon-14 determinations.

Suess's most recent research was focused on the distribution of carbon-14 and tritium in the oceans and atmosphere. On basis of radiocarbon analyses of annual growth-rings of trees he contributed to

• the calibration of the radiocarbon dating scale, and
• the study of the magnitude of the dilution of atmospheric radiocarbon by carbon dioxide from fossil fuels burned since the industrial revolution. This dilution is known as the Suess effect (see articles about the anthropogenic greenhouse effect).

The mineral suessite, a Fe, Ni-silicide in Enstatit-Chondrites, is named after him.

Death

On September 20, 1993, Suess died in a La Jolla retirement home.

Trivia

He was disappointed by being confused, by the US Postal Service among others, with famous children's writer Dr. Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel) his contemporary living in the same locality, La Jolla. Ironically, both names have been posthumously linked together: Hans Suess's personal papers are housed in the Geisel Library at UCSD.

References

• Suess, Hans; Urey, Harold (1956). "Abundances of the Elements". Reviews of Modern Physics. 28: 53. Bibcode:1956RvMP...28...53S. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.28.53.
• A Biographical Memoir, from the National Academy Press
• A Biographical Memoir, from the National Academy Press
• Biography from the University of California at San Diego Library's special collections
• Genesis Mission page
• Suess-effect
• "The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics". 2001. doi:10.1888/0333750888/4039. ISBN 0-333-75088-8. {{cite journal}}: |chapter= ignored (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Arnold, J. R.; Marti; Wanke (1994). "Hans Suess". Meteoritics. 29: 289. Bibcode:1994Metic..29..289A. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |author2= and |last2= specified (help); More than one of |author3= and |last3= specified (help)
• "Hans Suess".
• Robert Jungk in Brighter Than a Thousand Suns (Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1958), quotes Suess about the production of heavy water by the Vemork plant. From page 110: "... Jomar Brun, a former technical manager of the [...] heavy water works at Rjukan in Norway [...] stated that he had been told by Hans Suess, the German atomic expert employed there, that production [...] could not attain the dimensions important for war production in much less than five years." Jomar Brun fled to Sweden after the occupation by German troops in 1940. Brun's letters (1950–1987), archived in Hans Suess Papers:Series 2, Correspondence:b4/f29, contain a discussion of secret war operations and Brun's role in the production of heavy water.
• Hitler's Sunken Secret, a NOVA production airing in November 2005 undertakes a forensics approach to evaluate the heavy water threat.
• Brun, Jomar. Brennpunkt Vemork 1940-1945. ISBN 82-00-06864-1, 119 pages (1985), Universitetsforlaget.
• Arnold, J. R.; Marti, K.; Wanke, H. (1994). "Memorial for Hans E. Suess". Meteoritics. 29: 289. Bibcode:1994Metic..29..289A.