Harpactirinae
Harpactirinae | |
---|---|
A Pterinochilus murinus tarantula | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
Family: | Theraphosidae |
Subfamily: | Harpactirinae Pocock, 1897 |
Genera | |
Harpactirinae (commonly called baboon spiders) are a subfamily of tarantulas which are native to the continent of Africa. Like many Old World tarantulas, they have a relatively strong venom, and can inflict a painful bite; however most baboon spiders are not considered dangerous to humans.[citation needed]
Description
Harpactirinae are ground-dwelling spiders which build silk-lined burrows, often under debris such as stones, using their fangs and chelicerae for digging. Habitats include savanna woodlands, grasslands, and dry scrublands.[citation needed]
Systematics
The following genera and species are present in Harpactirinae. In addition, the genus Brachionopus (Pocock, 1897) has been suggested for placement in this sub-family, but its taxonomy is currently disputed.
Augacephalus (Gallon, 2002)
Type species: Augacephalus breyeri
In synonymy:
Augacephalus nigrifemur (Schmidt, 1995) = Augacephalus junodi
- Augacephalus breyeri (Hewitt, 1919) — Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland
- Augacephalus ezendami (Gallon, 2001) — Mozambique, the Mozambique Gold[en] Baboon, Mozambique Half Moon Baboon
- Augacephalus junodi (Simon, 1904) — East, South Africa, the [East African] Bushveld Golden Brown Featherleg Baboon
Bacillochilus (Gallon, 2010) [Monotypic]
- Bacillochilus xenostridulans (Gallon, 2010) — Angola
Brachionopus (Pocock, 1897)
To quote Platnick's World Spider Catalog v. 12.5,[1] "N.B.: transferred here from the Barychelidae by Raven, 1985a: 112; Brachyonopus is an unjustified emendation; Raven's transfer was not accepted by Charpentier, 1993: 5 or Schmidt, 2002a: 12 and 2008: 3, who nevertheless identified no close relatives of the genus among the known barychelids; Gallon, 2002: 204 argued for its inclusion in the Barychelidae but indicated that it "does not fit in any current barychelid subfamily" but later (Gallon, 2010b: 79) considered it a harpactirine.".
In other words, its taxonomy is in dispute and the many recent workers do not consider it a theraphosid. All are found in South Africa.
- Brachionopus annulatus (Purcell, 1903)
- Brachionopus leptopelmiformis (Strand, 1907)
- Brachionopus pretoriae (Purcell, 1904)
- Brachionopus robustus (Pocock, 1897)
- Brachionopus tristis (Purcell, 1903)
Ceratogyrus (Pocock, 1897) [Senior synonym of Coelogenium Purcell, 1902]
Type species: Ceratogyrus darlingi
Transferred to other genera:
Ceratogyrus ezendami → Augacephalus ezendami
Ceratogyrus nigrifemur → Augacephalus nigrifemur
Ceratogyrus raveni (Smith, 1990) → Pterinochilus chordatus
In synonymy:
Ceratogyrus bechuanicus (Purcell, 1902) and Ceratogyrus schultzei (Purcell, 1908) = Ceratogyrus darlingi
Ceratogyrus cornuatus (De Wet & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991) = Ceratogyrus marshalli
- Ceratogyrus brachycephalus (Hewitt, 1919) — Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, the [Botswanan] Greater Horned Baboon
- Ceratogyrus darlingi (Pocock, 1897) — Zimbabwe, Mozambique, the [Zimbabwean, African] Rear Horned Baboon, Curved Horn Baboon
- Ceratogyrus dolichocephalus (Hewitt, 1919) — Zimbabwe
- Ceratogyrus hillyardi (Smith, 1990) — Malawi
- Ceratogyrus marshalli (Pocock, 1897) — Zimbabwe, Mozambique, the [Zimbabwean] Straight Horned Baboon
- Ceratogyrus meridionalis (Hirst, 1907) — Malawi, Mozambique, the [Malawian], Zimbabwe{an} Gray Baboon
- Ceratogyrus paulseni (Gallon, 2005) — Republic of South Africa
- Ceratogyrus pillansi (Purcell, 1902) — Zimbabwe, Mozambique
- Ceratogyrus sanderi (Strand, 1906) — Namibia, Zimbabwe, the [Namibian] Sandy Horned Baboon
Eucratoscelus (Pocock, 1898)
Type species: Eucratoscelus constrictus
Transferred to other genera:
Eucratoscelus tenuitibialis (Schmidt & Gelling, 2000) → Pterinochilus lugardi
In synonymy:
Eucratoscelus longiceps (Pocock, 1898) and Eucratoscelus spinifer = Eucratoscelus constrictus
- Eucratoscelus constrictus (Gerstäcker, 1873) — Kenya, Tanzania
- Eucratoscelus pachypus (Schmidt & Von Wirth, 1990) — Tanzania
Harpactira (Ausserer, 1871)
Type species: Harpactira atra
- Harpactira atra (Latreille, 1832) — South Africa
- Harpactira baviana (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
- Harpactira cafreriana (Walckenaer, 1837) — South Africa
- Harpactira chrysogaster (Pocock, 1897) — South Africa
- Harpactira curator (Pocock, 1898) — South Africa
- Harpactira curvipes (Pocock, 1897) — South Africa
- Harpactira dictator (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
- Harpactira gigas (Pocock, 1898) — South Africa
- Harpactira guttata (Strand, 1907) — South Africa
- Harpactira hamiltoni (Pocock, 1902) — South Africa
- Harpactira lineata (Pocock, 1897) — South Africa
- Harpactira lyrata (Simon, 1892) — South Africa
- Harpactira marksi (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
- Harpactira namaquensis (Purcell, 1902) — Namibia, South Africa
- Harpactira pulchripes (Pocock, 1901) — South Africa, the [South African] Golden Blue Leg{ged} Baboon, Slate Gray Leg(ged) Baboon
- Harpactira tigrina (Ausserer, 1875) — South Africa
Harpactirella (Purcell, 1902) [Senior synonym of Luphocemus {Denis, 1960}]
Type species: Harpactirella treleaveni
Transferred to other genera:
Harpactirella flavipilosa (Lawrence, 1936) → Pterinochilus lugardi
Harpactirella latithorax (Strand, 1908) → Euathlus vulpinus
Harpactirella leleupi (Benoit, 1965) → Idiothele nigrofulva
- Harpactirella domicola (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
- Harpactirella helenae (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
- Harpactirella insidiosa (Denis, 1960) — Morocco (Dubious)
- Harpactirella karrooica (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
- Harpactirella lapidaria (Purcell, 1908) — South Africa
- Harpactirella lightfooti (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
- Harpactirella longipes (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
- Harpactirella magna (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
- Harpactirella overdijki'' (Gallon, 2010) — South Africa
- Harpactirella schwarzi (Purcell, 1904) — South Africa
- Harpactirella spinosa (Purcell, 1908) — South Africa
- Harpactirella treleaveni (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
Idiothele (Hewitt, 1919)
Type species: Idiothele nigrofulva
In synonymy:
Idiothele crassispina (Purcell, 1902) and Idiothele leleupi (Benoit, 1965) = Idiothele nigrofulva
- Idiothele mira (Gallon, 2010) - South Africa, the South African Blue Footed Trapdoor Baboon
- Idiothele nigrofulva (Pocock, 1898) — Southern Africa
Pterinochilus (Pocock, 1897) [Senior synonym of Pterinochilides {Strand, 1920}]
Type species: Pterinochilus vorax
Transferred to other genera:
Pterinochilus breyeri → Augacephalus breyeri
Pterinochilus constrictus and Pterinochilus spinifer → Eucratoscelus constrictus
Pterinochilus crassispinus and Pterinochilus nigrofulvus → Idiothele nigrofulva
Pterinochilus junodi and Pterinochilus nigrifemur → Augacephalus junodi
Pterinochilus meridionalis → Ceratogyrus meridionalis
Pterinochilus schoenlandi → Trichognathella schoenlandi
In synonymy:
Pterinochilus affinis (Tullgren, 1910), Pterinochilus brunellii (Caporiacco, 1940), Pterinochilus carnivorus (Strand, 1917), Pterinochilus raptor (Strand, 1906), Pterinochilus raveni (Smith, 1990), Pterinochilus sjostedti (Tullgren, 1910), and Pterinochilus widenmanni (Strand, 1906) = Pterinochilus chordatus
Pterinochilus flavipilosus (Lawrence, 1936), Pterinochilus pluridentatus (Hewitt, 1919), and Pterinochilus tenuitibialis = Pterinochilus lugardi
Pterinochilus hindei (Hirst, 1907), Pterinochilus leetzi (Schmidt, 2002), and Pterinochilus mamillatus (Strand, 1906) = Pterinochilus murinus
Pterinochilus mutus (Strand, 1920), Pterinochilus obenbergeri (Strand, 1920), and Pterinochilus occidentalis (Strand, 1920) = Pterinochilus simoni
- Pterinochilus alluaudi (Berland, 1914) — Kenya
- Pterinochilus andrewsmithi (Gallon, 2009) — Northwestern Kenya
- Pterinochilus chordatus (Gerstäcker, 1873) — East Africa, the Kilimanjaro Mustard Baboon
- Pterinochilus cryptus (Gallon, 2008) — Angola
- Pterinochilus lapalala (Gallon & Engelbrecht, 2011) — Waterberg mountains of Limpopo Province, South Africa
- Pterinochilus lugardi (Pocock, 1900) — Eastern and Southern Africa, the Dodoma Fort Hall Baboon
- Pterinochilus murinus (Pocock, 1897) — Angola, Central, Eastern, Southern Africa, the Usumbara Orange Baboon, Mombasa Golden Starburst [Baboon], "OBT"
- Pterinochilus raygabrieli (Gallon, 2009) — Southcentral Kenya
- Pterinochilus simoni (Berland, 1917) — Angola, Congo
- Pterinochilus vorax (Pocock, 1897) — Angola, Central, East Africa
Trichognathella (Gallon, 2004) [Monotypic?]
- Trichognathella schoenlandi (Pocock, 1900) — South Africa
External links
- Norman I. Platnick: The World Spider Catalog, American Museum of Natural History.
- www.baboonspiders.de Baboon spiders Systematic Taxonomy
- www.baboonspiders.de Key of the genera of the subfamily Harpactirinae
References
- ^ Platnick, Norman I. "World Spider Catalog", "American Museum of Natural History."