View source for Hashemites

{{Short description|Royal family of Jordan since 1921}}
{{About|the royal family of Jordan|the descendants of Muhammad's family|Banu Hashim|other uses}}
{{Infobox noble house
| surname = House of Hashim
| native_name = {{Nobold|الهاشميون}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| other_name = Hashemites
| coat of arms = Mecca (Ottoman Empire).svg
| image_size = 200px
| coat_of_arms_size = 250
| alt = 
| caption = Hashemite Banner
| type = 
| country = {{Plain list|
* [[Kingdom of Hejaz|Hejaz]] (1916–1925, in present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])
* [[Arab Kingdom of Syria|Syria]] (1920)
* [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]] (1921–1958)
* [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian West Bank]] (1948–1967)
* [[Jordan]] (1921–present)
}}
| parent house = Dhawu Awn, a branch of [[Banu Qatadah]], of [[Hasanids|Banu Hassan]], of [[Banu Hashim]], of [[Quraysh]]
| titles = * [[King of Jordan]]
* [[King of Jordan|Emir of Transjordan]]
* [[King of Iraq]]
* [[List of Syrian monarchs|King of Syria]]
* [[Sharifian Caliphate|Caliph]]
* [[Kingdom of Hejaz#Kings of Hejaz|King of the Hejaz]]
* [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca#Arab Revolt|King of the Arab Lands]]
* [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca#Arab Revolt|King of Arabia]]
* [[Sharif of Mecca|Sharif and Emir of Mecca]]
* [[Crown Prince of Jordan]]
| styles = 
| founded = {{plainlist|
* 1916 in [[Kingdom of Hejaz|Hejaz]]
* 1920 in [[Arab Kingdom of Syria|Syria]]
* 1921 in [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]] and [[Emirate of Transjordan|Jordan]]}}
| founder = [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|Hussein bin Ali]]
| final ruler = {{plainlist|
* [[Ali of Hejaz|Ali]] in [[Kingdom of Hejaz|Hejaz]]
* [[Faisal I]] in [[Arab Kingdom of Syria|Syria]]
* [[Faisal II]] in [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]]}}
| current head = {{plainlist|
* [[Jordan]]: [[Abdullah II of Jordan|Abdullah II]]}}
| dissolution = 
| deposition = {{plainlist|
* 1920 in [[Arab Kingdom of Syria|Syria]] ([[Franco-Syrian War]])
* 1925 in [[Kingdom of Hejaz|Hejaz]] ([[Saudi conquest of Hejaz|Saudi conquest]])
* 1958 in [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]] ([[14 July Revolution]])}}
| estates = Cf. [[Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites]]
| cadet branches = 
| notes = 
}}
The '''Hashemites''' ({{langx|ar|الهاشميون|al-Hāshimiyyūn}}), also '''House of Hashim''', are the [[Dynasty|royal family]] of [[Jordan]], which they have ruled since 1921, and were the royal family of the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Hejaz|Hejaz]] (1916–1925), [[Arab Kingdom of Syria|Syria]] (1920), and [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]] (1921–1958). The family had ruled the city of [[Mecca]] continuously from the 10th century, frequently as [[vassal]]s of outside powers, and ruled the thrones of the Hejaz, Syria, Iraq, and Jordan following their [[World War I]] alliance with the [[British Empire]].

The family belongs to the Dhawu Awn, one of the branches of the [[Hasanids|Ḥasanid]] [[Sharifs of Mecca]], also referred to as Hashemites.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Hashemites | website=King Abdullah II Official Website | url=https://kingabdullah.jo/en/page/the-hashemites/hashemites | access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref> Their eponymous ancestor is traditionally considered to be [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]], great-grandfather of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salibi |first=Kamal |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Modern_History_of_Jordan.html?id=7zdi2sCuIh8C |title=A Modern History of Jordan |date=1998-12-31 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-86064-331-6 |language=en}}</ref>. The Ḥasanid Sharifs of Mecca (from whom the Hashemite royal family is directly descended), including the Hashemites' ancestor [[Qatadah ibn Idris]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Curatola|first=Giovanni|title=The Art and Architecture of Mesopotamia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7DpAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Abbeville Press|isbn=978-0-7892-0921-4}}</ref> were [[Zaydism|Zaydī]] [[Shia Islam|Shīʿas]] until the late [[Mamluk]] or early [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] period, when they became followers of the [[Shafiʽi school|Shāfiʿī school]] of [[Sunni Islam|Sunnī Islam]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Shiʿites in Arabia| website=Encyclopædia Iranica | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shiites-in-arabia | access-date=2019-08-29 | quote=The Zaydi denomination of the (Ḥasanid) Sharifian rulers of Mecca and the Imāmi-Shiʿi leanings of the (Ḥosaynid) emirs of Medina were well known to medieval Sunni and Shiʿi observers. This situation gradually changed under Mamluk rule (for the development over several centuries, up to the end of the Mamluk period, see articles by Mortel mentioned in the bibliography below). A number of Shiʿite and Sunnite sources hint at (alleged or real) sympathy for the Shiʿa among the Hāshemite (officially Sunni) families of the Ḥejāz, or at least some of their members}}</ref>

The current dynasty was founded by [[Sharif Hussein ibn Ali]], who was appointed as [[Sharif of Mecca|Sharif and Emir of Mecca]] by the Ottoman sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]] in 1908, then in 1916—after concluding a [[McMahon–Hussein Correspondence|secret agreement with the British Empire]]—was proclaimed King of Arab countries (but only recognized as King of the Hejaz) after initiating the [[Arab Revolt]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]]. His sons [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah]] and [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal]] assumed the thrones of Jordan and Iraq in 1921, and his first son [[Ali of Hejaz|Ali]] succeeded him in the Hejaz in 1924. This arrangement became known as the "[[Sharifian solution]]". Abdullah [[Abdullah I of Jordan#Assassination|was assassinated]] in 1951, but his descendants [[List of kings of Jordan|continue to rule Jordan]] today. The other two branches of the dynasty did not survive; Ali [[Saudi conquest of Hejaz|was ousted]] by [[Ibn Saud]] after the British withdrew their support from Hussein in 1924–1925, and Faisal's grandson [[Faisal II]] was executed in the [[14 July Revolution|1958 Iraqi coup d'état]].

== History ==

===Rulers of Mecca===
According to historians [[Ibn Khaldun]] and [[Ibn Hazm]], in {{circa|968}} [[Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Hasani]] came from [[Medina]] and conquered [[Mecca]] in the name of the [[Fatimid]] [[caliph]] [[Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah|al-Mu'izz]], after the latter had [[Fatimid conquest of Egypt|conquered Egypt]] from the [[Ikhshidids]].<ref>{{cite book|author1-last=Ibn Fahd|author1-first=‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn ‘Umar ibn Muḥammad|editor1-last=Shaltūt|editor1-first=Fahīm Muḥammad|script-title=ar:غاية المرام بأخبار سلطنة البلد الحرام|title=Ghāyat al-marām bi-akhbār salṭanat al-Balad al-Ḥarām|date=1986|orig-year=composed before 1518|publisher=Jāmi‘at Umm al-Qurá, Markaz al-Baḥth al-‘Ilmī wa-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, Kullīyat al-Sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah|location=Makkah|volume=1|edition=1st|pages=480–482|language=ar}}</ref>{{sfn|Teitelbaum|2001|p=9}} Jafar was from the wider [[Banu Hashim]] clan, albeit a different branch to the modern dynasty. The Banu Hashim claim to trace their ancestry from [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]] (died c. 497 CE), the great-grandfather of [[Muhammad]], although the definition today mainly refers to the descendants of Muhammad's daughter [[Fatimah]].{{sfn|Lawrence|2000|p=48}} 

Control of Mecca remained with the clan; when the [[Ottoman conquest of Egypt|Ottoman Turks took control of Egypt]] in 1517, Sharif Barakat quickly recognized the change in sovereignty, sending his son [[Abu Numayy II]] to the [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman sultan]] [[Selim I]] in Cairo, bearing the keys to the holy cities and other gifts. The Ottoman sultan confirmed Barakat and Abu Numayy in their positions as co-rulers of the Hejaz.{{sfn|al-Sibā‘ī|1999|pp=393–394}}{{sfn|Uzunçarşılı|2003|p=133}}{{sfn|Daḥlan|2007|p=124}}

=== World War I and the Arab Revolt ===
{{main|McMahon–Hussein Correspondence|Arab Revolt}}

Before World War I, [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|Hussein bin Ali]] of the Hashemite Dhawu-'Awn clan ruled the Hejaz on behalf of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] sultan. For some time it had been the practice of the [[Ottoman Porte|Sublime Porte]] to appoint the [[Sharif of Mecca|Emir of Mecca]] from among a select group of candidates. In 1908, Hussein bin Ali was appointed to the [[Sharifate of Mecca]]. He found himself increasingly at odds with the [[Young Turks]] in control at [[Istanbul]], while he strove to secure his family's position as hereditary emirs. Hussein bin Ali's lineage and destined position as the [[Sharif of Mecca]] helped foster the ambition for an independent Arab kingdom and caliphate. These pretensions came to the Ottoman rulers' attention and caused them to "invite" Hussein to Istanbul as the guest of the sultan in order to keep him under direct supervision. Hussein brought his four sons, Ali, Abdullah, Faisal, and Zeid, with him. It was not until after the [[Young Turk Revolution]] that he was able to return to the [[Hejaz|Hijaz]] and was officially appointed the Sharif.

Of Hussein's four sons, Abdullah was the most politically ambitious and became the planner and driving force behind the Arab revolt. Abdullah received military training in both the Hijaz and Istanbul. He was the deputy for Mecca in the Ottoman Parliament between 1912 and 1914. During this period, Abdullah developed deep interest in Arab nationalism and linked his father's interest for autonomous rule in the Hijaz to complete Arab emancipation.{{sfn|Shlaim|1988|p=20}} In 1914 he met the British high commissioner, [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], in Cairo to discuss the possibility of the British supporting an Arab uprising against the Turks. The possibility of co-operation was raised but no commitment was made by either side. Shortly after Abdullah returned to Mecca, he became his father's foreign minister, political advisor, and one of the commanders of the Arab Revolt.

Faisal, Hussein's third son, played an active role in the revolt as commander of the Arab army, while the overall leadership was placed in the hands of his father. The idea of an Arab uprising against the Ottoman Empire was first conceived by Abdullah.{{sfn|Shlaim|1988|p=22}} Only after gradual and persistent nudging did Abdullah convince his father, the conservative Sharif of Mecca, to move from the idea of home rule of a portion of Arabia within the Ottoman Empire to complete and total independence of the entire Empire's Arab provinces. Hussein recognized the necessity of breaking away from the Empire in the beginning of 1914 when he realized that he would not be able to complete his political objectives within the framework of the Ottomans. To have any success with the Arab revolt, the backing of another great power was crucial.

Hussein regarded Arab unity as synonymous with his own kingship. He aspired to have the entire [[Arabian Peninsula]], the [[Syria (region)|region of Syria]], and [[Iraq (region)|Iraq]] under his – and his descendants' – rule. After a year of fruitless negotiation, Sir [[Henry McMahon]] conveyed the British government's agreement to recognize Arab independence over an area that was much more limited than that to which Hussein had aspired. The Arab revolt, an Anglo-Hashemite plot in its essence, broke out in June 1916. Britain financed the revolt and supplied arms, provisions, direct artillery support, and experts in desert warfare including the soon to be famous [[T. E. Lawrence]]. The Hashemites promised more than they were able to deliver, and their ambitious plan collapsed. There were only a small number of Syrian and Iraqi nationalists who joined under the Sharifan banner while others remained loyal to the Ottoman sultan.

Sharif Hussein bin Ali rebelled against the rule of the Ottomans during the [[Arab Revolt]] of 1916.{{sfn|Lawrence|2000|p=53}} For Hashemite contribution to the Allied forces effort to bring down the Ottoman Empire, Britain promised its support for Arab independence. However, the [[McMahon–Hussein Correspondence|McMahon–Hussein correspondence]] left territorial limits governing this promise obscurely defined leading to a long and bitter disagreement between the two sides.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Sharif Husayn.jpg|[[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca]] (1853–1931), the founder of the modern dynasty
File:King Faysal (Faisal) I of Iraq (left) probably with his brother Emir Abdullah of Transjordan, at the palace, Baghdad, Iraq LOC matpc.13171.jpg|King Faisal I of Iraq and King Ali of Hejaz
File:Hashemite Tree 2.PNG|Hashemites family tree
</gallery>

===Post-War: the Sharifian Solution===
{{main|Sharifian Solution}}
[[File:Lawrence of Arabia's map, presented to the Eastern Committee of the War Cabinet in November 1918.jpg|alt=1918 map of the Middle East|thumb|upright=1.15|The original [[Sharifian Solution]], illustrated in a map presented by [[T. E. Lawrence]] to the Eastern Committee of the War Cabinet in November 1918,<ref>{{cite news |title=Lawrence's Mid-East map on show |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4332702.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061203105544/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4332702.stm |archive-date=3 December 2006 |url-status=live |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=11 October 2005}}</ref> was superseded by the policy agreed at the [[Cairo Conference (1921)|March 1921 Cairo Conference]].]]

[[File:Genealogie_des_Hachemites_بنو_هاشم.jpg|220x124px|thumb|right|The family tree of the Hashemite dynasty]]
After the war, the British devised a "[[Sharifian Solution]]" to "[make] straight all the tangle" of their various wartime commitments.<ref>{{cite book|title=Arab Awakening|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrllAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT303|date=19 December 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-84769-4|pages=303–}}</ref> This proposed that three sons of Sharif Hussein would be installed as kings of newly created countries across the Middle East.{{sfn|Paris|2004|p=50}}

Given the need to rein in expenditure and factors outside British control, including France's [[Franco-Syrian war|removing of Faisal from Syria in July 1920]], and [[Abdullah's entry into Transjordan]] (which had been the southern part of Faisal's Syria) in November 1920, the eventual Sharifian solution was somewhat different, the informal name for a British policy put into effect by [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] [[Winston Churchill]] following the 1921 [[Cairo Conference (1921)|Cairo conference]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rogan |first=Eugene L. |editor-last=Fawcett |editor-first=Louise|title=International relations of the Middle east |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6SPDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2016 |page=50 |chapter=The Emergence of the Middle East into the Modern State System|isbn=978-0-19-870874-2}}</ref>{{sfn|Paris|2004|p=246}}

[[File:The sons of Sharif Hussein.jpg|thumb|The sons of Hussein: Ali, Abdullah and Faisal, in the
 mid-1920s]]
[[File:Portrait_of_Abdullah_bin_Hussein.png|220x124px|thumb|right|King Abdullah I, the founder of modern Jordan]]
[[File:The_King_of_Hedjaz_and_Arab_Independence_(page_04).png|220x124px|thumb|right|The Grand Sharif of Mecca and King of Hejaz the founder of Hashemite dynasty of Jordan and Iraq and Arabia]]
[[File:الشريف_عون_الرفيق_2013-09-06_02-40.jpeg|220x124px|thumb|right|Grand Sharif of Mecca and Emir of Hejaz Sharif Awn]]

Hussein bin Ali had five sons:

* [[Ali of Hejaz|Ali]], who briefly succeeded to the throne of Hejaz before its loss to the [[House of Saud|Saud family]] in 1925.
* [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah]], became the emir of [[Emirate of Transjordan|Transjordan]] in 1921 and king of [[Jordan]] in 1946, and whose [[List of kings of Jordan|descendants]] continue to rule the kingdom known ever since as the [[Jordan|Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]].
* [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal]], briefly proclaimed King of the [[Arab Kingdom of Syria]] in 1920, became [[List of kings of Iraq|King of Iraq]] in 1921.
* [[Prince Zeid bin Hussein]], who moved to Jordan when his brother's grandson, King [[Faisal II of Iraq]], was overthrown and murdered in a [[14 July Revolution|coup in 1958]].
* Hassan, died at a young age.

Hussein bin Ali continued to rule an independent Hejaz, of which he proclaimed himself king, between 1916 and 1924, after the collapse of Ottoman power, with the tacit support of the British [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]]. His supporters are sometimes referred to as "Sharifians" or the "Sharifian party". Hussein bin Ali's chief rival in the Arabian Peninsula, the king of the [[Najd]] (highlands), [[Ibn Saud]], annexed the Hejaz in 1925 and established his own son, [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|Faysal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]], as governor. The region was later incorporated into [[Saudi Arabia]].

In [[Transjordan (region)|Transjordan]], the British government [[Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan |granted its independence in 1921]] with Abdullah as ruler. The degree of independence that was afforded to the Arab states by colonial powers was an ongoing issue at the time, however in the case of Transjordan, the independence enjoyed was limited; with substantial influence and control reserved by [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] in London. In domestic affairs the local ruler was given a considerable amount of power nonetheless; but these powers were exercised in an autocratic manner by the Hashemite family while remaining under the superintendence of the [[British Resident]] in [[Amman]], as well as the British [[High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan|high commissioner]] in Jerusalem.{{sfn|Shlaim|1988|p=37}} Abdullah [[Abdullah I of Jordan#Assassination|was assassinated]] in 1951, but his descendants [[List of kings of Jordan|continue to rule Jordan]] today. 

In Iraq, the Hashemites ruled for almost four decades, until Faisal's grandson [[Faisal II]] was executed in the [[14 July Revolution|1958 Iraqi coup d'état]].

== Members and family tree ==
===Ancestry===
'''Sources:'''<ref>{{cite book |last=Salibi|first=Kamal|title=A Modern History of Hashemite Kingdom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zdi2sCuIh8C |year=1998 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-86064-331-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alhussein.jo/ar/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86 |language=ar |script-title=ar:شجرة النسب الشريف
| trans-title=Hashemite Ancestry|access-date=8 February 2018|date=1 January 2014|work=alhussein.gov}}</ref>

{{chart/start|style=font-size:90%; line-height: 120%; margin:1em;|align=center}}
{{chart| | | | | | 001 |001='''[[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim]]'''<br />{{nowrap|(eponymous ancestor)}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''[[Abdul-Muttalib]]'''}}}}
{{chart| | | | |,|-|^|-|.| }}
{{chart| | | | 004 | | 003 |003='''[[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Abdullah]]'''|004={{nowrap|'''[[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Abu Talib]]'''}}}}
{{chart| | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | |!| | | 005 |005='''[[Muhammad]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | 007 |y| 006 |006='''[[Fatima|Fatima al-Zahra]]'''|007='''[[Ali]]'''<br />{{nowrap|(4th Caliph)}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 008 |008='''[[Hasan ibn Ali|Al-Hassan]]'''<br />{{nowrap|(5th Caliph)}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''[[Hasan ibn Hasan|Al-Hassan al-Muthanna]]'''}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Abd Allah al-Mahd|Abdullah]]'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''Musa Al-Djawn'''}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Abdullah'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Musa'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Muhammad'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Abdullah'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Ali'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Suleiman'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Al-Hussein'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Issa'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''Abd Al-Karim'''}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Muta'in'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Idris'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Qatada ibn Idris|Qatada]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Ali'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Abu Sa'd al-Hasan|Al-Hassan]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''[[Abu Numayy I]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy|Rumaythah]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002=''''[[Ajlan ibn Rumaythah|Ajlan]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Hasan ibn Ajlan|Al-Hassan]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Barakat ibn Hasan|Barakat I]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Muhammad ibn Barakat|Muhammad]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Barakat II'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''[[Abu Numayy II]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Al-Hassan'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Abdullah'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Al-Hussein'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Abdullah'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Muhsin'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''Auon, Ra'i Al-Hadala'''}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002={{nowrap|'''Abdul Mu'een'''}}}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'in|Muhammad]]'''<br />{{nowrap|([[Sharif of Mecca]])}}<br />}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''Ali'''}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|Al-Hussein]]'''<br/>[[Sharif of Mecca]]<br/>{{nowrap|November 1908 – 3 October 1924}}<br/>[[Kingdom of Hejaz|King of Hejaz]]<br/>{{nowrap|October 1916 – 3 October 1924}}<br/>}}
{{chart| |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{chart| 001 | | | 002 | | 003 | | 004 |004='''[[Prince Zeid bin Hussein|Zeid]]'''<br/>({{nowrap|pretender to Iraq}})<br/>|003=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal I]]'''<br/>[[Kingdom of Syria|King of Syria]]<br/>{{nowrap|8 March 1920 – 24 July 1920}}<br/>[[Kingdom of Iraq|King of Iraq]]<br/>{{nowrap|23 August 1921 – 8 September 1933}}<br/>|001=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Ali of Hejaz|Ali]]'''<br/>[[Kingdom of Hejaz|King of Hejaz]]<br/>{{nowrap|3 October 1924 – 19 December 1925}}<br/>'''''(Monarchy [[Saudi conquest of Hejaz|defeated by Saudi conquest]])'''''|002=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah I]]'''<br/>[[King of Jordan|Emir and later King of Jordan]]<br/>11 April 1921 – 20 July 1951<br/>}}
{{chart| |!| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{chart| 001 | | | 002 | | 003 | | 004 |004='''[[Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid|Ra'ad]]'''<br/>({{nowrap|pretender to Iraq}})<br/>|003=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Ghazi of Iraq|Ghazi]]'''<br/>[[Kingdom of Iraq|King of Iraq]]<br/>{{nowrap|8 September 1933 – 4 April 1939}}<br/>|001='''[['Abd al-Ilah|AbdaIlah]]'''<br/>{{nowrap|([[Kingdom of Iraq|Regent of Iraq]])}}<br/>|002=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Talal of Jordan|Talal]]'''<br/>[[King of Jordan]]<br/>20 July 1951 – 11 August 1952<br/>}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 | | 003 | | 004 |004='''[[Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad|Zeid]]'''|003=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Faisal II of Iraq|Faisal II]]'''<br/>[[Kingdom of Iraq|King of Iraq]]<br/>{{nowrap|4 April 1939 – 14 July 1958<br/>'''''(Monarchy [[14 July Revolution|overthrown in coup d'état]])'''''}}<br/>|002=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Hussein of Jordan|Al-Hussein]]'''<br/>[[King of Jordan]]<br/>{{nowrap|11 August 1952 – 7 February 1999}}<br/>}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002=[[File:Ströhl-Regentenkronen-Fig. 41.png|20px|Monarch]] '''[[Abdullah II of Jordan|Abdullah II]]'''<br/>[[King of Jordan]]<br/>7 February 1999 – present<br/>}}
{{chart| | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart| | | | | | 002 |002='''[[Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan|Al-Hussein]]'''<br/>{{nowrap|([[Crown Prince of Jordan]])}}<br/>}}
{{chart/end}}

=== Jordanian main branch ===
*[[Abdullah II of Jordan|The King]] and [[Queen Rania of Jordan|Queen]] (The monarch and his wife)
**[[Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan|The Crown Prince]] and [[Princess Rajwa Al Hussein|Princess Rajwa]] (The King's elder son and daughter-in-law)
***Princess Iman (The King's granddaughter)
**[[Princess Iman bint Abdullah|Princess Iman]] and Jameel Alexander Thermiótis (The King's elder daughter and son-in-law)
**[[Princess Salma bint Abdullah|Princess Salma]] (The King's younger daughter)
**[[Prince Hashem bin Abdullah|Prince Hashem]] (The King's younger son)

=== Descendants of King Hussein of Jordan ===
{{See also|Hussein of Jordan}}

*[[Queen Noor of Jordan|Queen Noor]] (King Hussein's fourth wife and widow)
**[[Hamzah bin Al Hussein|Hamzah]] and [[Princess Basmah Hamzah|Princess Basmah]] (The King's half-brother and half-sister-in-law)
***Princess Haya (The King's half-niece)
***Princess Zein (The King's half-niece)
***Princess Noor (The King's half-niece)
***Princess Badiya (The King's half-niece)
***Prince Hussein (The King's half-nephew)
***Prince Muhammad (The King's half-nephew)
**[[Prince Hashim bin Al Hussein|Prince Hashim]] and Princess Fahdah (The King's half-brother and half-sister-in-law)
***Princess Haalah (The King's half-niece)
***Princess Rayet (The King's half-niece)
***Princess Fatima (The King's half-niece)
***Prince Hussein (The King's half-nephew)
***Prince Mohammad (The King's half-nephew)
**[[Princess Iman bint Al Hussein|Princess Iman]] (The King's half-sister)
**[[Princess Raiyah bint Al Hussein|Princess Raiyah]] (The King's half-sister)
**[[Princess Haya bint Al Hussein|Princess Haya]] (The King's half-sister)
**[[Prince Ali bin Al Hussein|Prince Ali]] and [[Princess Rym Ali|Princess Rym]] (The King's half-brother and half-sister-in-law)
***Princess Jalila (The King's half-niece)
***Prince Abdullah (The King's half-nephew)
*[[Princess Muna Al Hussein|Princess Muna]] (King Hussein's second wife; The King's mother)
**[[Prince Faisal bin Al Hussein|Prince Faisal]] and Princess Zeina (The King's brother and sister-in-law)
***[[Princess Ayah bint Faisal|Princess Ayah]] (The King's niece)
***[[Prince Omar bin Faisal|Prince Omar]] (The King's nephew)
***[[Princess Sara bint Faisal|Princess Sara]] (The King's niece)
***[[Princess Aisha bint Faisal|Princess Aisha]] (The King's niece)
***Prince Abdullah (The King's nephew)
***Prince Muhammad (The King's nephew)
***Princess Rajaa (The King’s niece)
**[[Princess Alia Tabbaa|Princess Alia]] (The King's former sister-in-law)
**[[Princess Aisha bint Al Hussein|Princess Aisha]] (The King's sister)
**[[Princess Zein bint Al Hussein|Princess Zein]] (The King's sister)
**[[Princess Alia bint Al Hussein|Princess Alia]] (The King's half-sister)

=== Descendants of King Talal of Jordan ===
{{See also|Talal of Jordan}}

* Princess Taghrid (The King's aunt)
**[[Prince Talal bin Muhammad|Prince Talal]] and [[Princess Ghida Talal|Princess Ghida]] (The King's cousin and cousin-in-law)
***Prince Hussein (The King's first cousin once removed)
***Prince Muhammad (The King's first cousin once removed)
***Princess Rajaa (The King's first cousin once removed)
**[[Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad|Prince Ghazi]] and [[Princess Miriam Ghazi|Princess Miriam]] (The King's cousin and cousin-in-law)
***Princess Tasneem (The King's first cousin once removed)
***Prince Abdullah (The King's first cousin once removed)
***Princess Jennah (The King's first cousin once removed)
***Princess Salsabil (The King's first cousin once removed)
*[[Princess Firyal]] (The King's former aunt)
*[[Prince Hassan bin Talal|Prince Hassan]] and [[Princess Sarvath El Hassan|Princess Sarvath]] (The King's uncle and aunt)
**[[Princess Rahma bint El Hassan|Princess Rahma]] (The King's cousin)
**[[Princess Sumaya bint El Hassan|Princess Sumaya]] (The King's cousin)
**[[Princess Badiya bint El Hassan|Princess Badiya]] (The King's cousin)
**[[Prince Rashid bin El Hassan|Prince Rashid]] and [[Zeina Shaban|Princess Zeina]] (The King's cousin and cousin-in-law)
***Prince Hassan (The King's first cousin once removed)
***Prince Talal (The King's first cousin once removed)
*[[Princess Basma bint Talal|Princess Basma]] (The King's aunt)

=== Descendants of King Abdullah I of Jordan ===
{{See also|Abdullah I of Jordan}}

*Prince Ali and Princess Reema (The King's cousin and cousin-in-law)
**Prince Muhammad and Princess Sima (The King's second cousin and his wife)
***Prince Hamzah (The King's second cousin) 
***Princess Rania (The King's second cousin)
***Princess Karma (The King's second cousin)
***Prince Haidar (The King's second cousin)
**Princess Na'afa (The King's second cousin)
**Princess Rajwa (The King's second cousin)
**Princess Basma Fatima (The King's second cousin)
*[[Prince Asem bin Nayef|Prince Asem]] and [[Princess Sana Asem|Princess Sana]] (The King's cousin and cousin-in-law)
**Princess Yasmine (The King's second cousin)
**[[Princess Sara bint Asem|Princess Sara]] (The King's second cousin)
**[[Princess Noor bint Asem|Princess Noor]] (The King's second cousin)
**[[Princess Salha bint Asem|Princess Salha]] (The King's second cousin)
**[[Princess Nejla bint Asem|Princess Nejla]] (The King's second cousin)
**Prince Nayef and Princess Farah (The King's second cousin and his wife)
***Prince Nayef (The King's second cousin)
*Princess Naifeh (The King's grandaunt)

=== Iraqi Hashemites (Descendants of Prince Ra'ad ibn Zaid) ===
{{See also|Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid#Marriage and children}}

The descendants of Iraqi Hashemite prince [[Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid|Ra'ad ibn Zaid]] have been awarded Jordanian citizenship and are addressed in the style of His Royal Highness and Prince in Jordan. Descendants include [[Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad]], a Jordanian diplomat, who served as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights from 2014 to 2018, and [[Prince Mired bin Ra'ad]].

=== Non-royals ===
A number of Dhawu Awn clansmen migrated with Emir [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah I]] to [[Transjordan (region)|Transjordan]] in the early 1920s. Several of their descendants have gained prominent positions in the Jordanian state, including the positions of Chief of the Royal Court, Prime Minister, and Ambassador. Descendants of the Dhawu Awn clansmen are referred to as ''Sharifs'' and, other than Zaid ibn Shaker, have not been awarded princely title. Examples include former Prime Ministers and Royal Court Chiefs [[Hussein ibn Nasser|Sharif Hussein ibn Nasser]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pm.gov.jo/content/141215081911/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1.html |script-title=ar:رئاسة الوزراء - سيادة الشريف حسين بن ناصر| trans-title=Prime Minister – Sharif Hussein bin Nasser |language=ar |website=www.pm.gov.jo}}</ref> [[Abdelhamid Sharaf|Sharif Abdelhamid Sharaf]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/monday-marks-37th-death-anniversary-former-pm-sharaf |title=Monday marks 37th death anniversary of former PM Sharaf|date=July 2, 2017|website=Jordan Times}}</ref> [[Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil|Queen Zein Al-Sharaf]] (wife of [[Talal of Jordan|King Talal]] and mother of King [[Hussein of Jordan|Hussein]]) and her brother Sharif Nasser bin Jamil.<ref>{{cite web | access-date=2019-08-29 | url=https://arabrevolt.jo/en/heros-list/prince-sharif-jamil-bin-nasser/ | title=Prince Sharif Jamil bin Nasser | language=en | website=Arab Revolt Centennial}}</ref>

Princely title in Jordan is typically restricted only to patrilineal descendants of any of the four sons of [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca]]. 

[[Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein]] was the leader of the [[Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy|Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy political party]] and currently uses the title "[[Sharif]]".

[[Dina bint Abdul-Hamid|Queen Dina Abdul-Hamid]] also was a member of the House of Hashim. She was entitled to use the honorific title ''[[Sharif of Mecca|sharifa]]'' of [[Mecca]] as an [[Agnatic descent|agnatic descendant]] of [[Hasan ibn Ali]], the grandson of [[Muhammad]]. 

==== Descendants of Prince Zaid ibn Shaker ====
{{See also|Zaid ibn Shaker}}

Prince [[Zaid ibn Shaker]], former PM and Commander-in-chief of the Jordanian military, was a member of the Dhawu Awn clan whose father Shaker ibn Zaid migrated to Transjordan with his cousin [[Abdullah I of Jordan]]. He was awarded the non-hereditary title of "prince" in 1996. His children, one son and one daughter, are addressed as "Sharifs" – not princes.<ref>{{cite web | script-title=ar:سمو الامير زيد بن شاكر |trans-title=His Highness Prince Zaid Bin Shake| website=www.pm.gov.jo | date=2014-04-23 | url=http://www.pm.gov.jo/content/141215081913/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1.html | language=ar | access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>

==Ja'alin tribe==
The Ja'alin are of [[Arabs|Arab]] origin and trace their origins to Ibrahim Ja'al, an [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]] noble, whose clan originally hailed from the [[Hejaz]] in the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and married into the local [[Nubians|Nubian]] population. Ja'al was a descendant of [[Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib|al-Abbas]], an uncle of [[Muhammad]]. The Ja'alin trace their lineage to [[Abbas ibn 'Abdul Muttalib|Abbas]], uncle of Muhammad.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Jā'alin |volume=15 |page=103}} Citation: ''The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan'', edited by Count Gleichen (London, 1905)</ref> According to the [[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland]] in 1888, the name Ja'alin does not seem to be derived from any founder of a tribe, but rather from the root Ja'al, an Arabic word meaning "to put" or "to stay", and in this sense it is those who settle.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|first=Sir Charles W.|last=Wilson|title=On the Tribes of the Nile Valley, North of Khartum |journal=Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|volume=17 |year=1888 |pages=3&ndash;25|doi=10.2307/2841664|jstor=2841664|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofroyalan17royauoft}} (see pages 16 and 17)</ref> Various researchers have suggested that the Ja'alin are [[Arabization|Arabized]] [[Nubians]].{{Efn|{{sfn|Adams|1977|pp=557-558: "Although claiming a purely Arab pedigree, they [the Ja'alin] are in fact made up overwhelmingly of Arabized Nubians, with only a small admixture of genuinely Arab blood"}}{{sfn|Holt|1970|p=329: "(...) most of the settled clans of the main Nile are regarded as descendants of a certain Ja'al, who is, furthermore, stated to have been an 'Abbasid. Disregarding this assertion (a typical genealogical sophistication), we may reasonably see in these Ja'aliyyun the descendants of the arabized Nubians of the late Middle Ages"}}{{sfn|Kramer|Lobban|Fluehr-Lobban|2013|p=223: "Despite their claim of an Arab pedigree, the Ja'aliyin may also be considered a southern group of Arabized Nubians"}}}} A few 19th-century travellers claimed that [[Nubian language|Nubian]] was still spoken among them.{{sfn|Gerhards|2023|pp=140–141}}

== See also ==
* [[Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites]]
* [[Succession to the Jordanian throne]]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Adams |first=William Y. |title=Nubia. Corridor to Africa |year=1977 |publisher=Princeton University |isbn=0691093709 }}
* {{cite book |last=al-Sibā‘ī |first=Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Aḥmad |script-title=ar:تاريخ مكة |title=Tārīkh Makkah |date=1999 |orig-year=1419 AH (1998/1999) |publisher=al-Amānah al-‘āmah lil-iḥtifāl bi murūr mi’ah ‘ām ‘alá ta’sīs al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah al-Su‘ūdīyah |language=ar}}
* {{cite book |last=Allawi |first=Ali A. |author-link=Ali Allawi |date=2014 |title=Faisal I of Iraq |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCLBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=1– |isbn=978-0-300-19936-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Daḥlan |first=Aḥmad Zaynī |title=Khulāṣat al-kalām fī bayān umarā' al-Balad al-Ḥarām |script-title=ar:خلاصة الكلام في بيان أمراء البلد الحرام |publisher=Dār Arḍ al-Ḥaramayn |year=2007 |orig-year=1887/1888 |language=ar}}
* {{cite journal |last=Gerhards |first=Gabriel |year=2023 |title=Präarabische Sprachen der Ja‘aliyin und Ababde in der europäischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts |journal=Der Antike Sudan |volume=34 |pages=135–152 |publisher=Sudanarchäologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin e.V |url=https://www.academia.edu/110748602/Pr%C3%A4arabische_Sprachen_der_Ja_aliyin_und_Ababde_in_der_europ%C3%A4ischen_Literatur_des_19_Jahrhunderts |language=German}}
* {{cite book |last=Holt |first=P. M. |chapter=The Nilotic Sudan |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=2A |editor=P. M. Holt |editor2=Ann K. S. Lambton |editor3=Bernard Lewis |year=1970 |publisher=Cambridge University }}
* {{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Robert S. |last2=Lobban |first2=Richard A. Jr.|last3=Fluehr-Lobban |first3=Carolyn |title=Historical Dictionary of the Sudan |year=2013 |publisher=The Scarecrow |isbn=978-0810861800 }}
* {{cite book |last=Lawrence |first=T. E. |title=Seven Pillars of Wisdom |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-119208-6 |author-link=T. E. Lawrence |title-link=Seven Pillars of Wisdom}}
* {{cite book |last=McNamara |first=Robert |title=The Hashemites: The Dream of Arabia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVcrDwAAQBAJ |year=2010 |publisher=Haus Publishing |isbn=978-1-907822-35-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Paris |first=Timothy J. |date=23 November 2004 |title=Britain, the Hashemites and Arab Rule: The Sherifian Solution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W02RAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-135-77191-1 }}
* {{cite thesis |last=Rudd |first=Jeffery A. |date=1993 |title=Abdallah bin al-Husayn: The Making of an Arab Political Leader, 1908–1921 |type=PhD |pages=45–46 |publisher=SOAS Research Online |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28666/1/10672826.pdf |access-date=12 June 2019 }}
* {{cite book |last=Shlaim |first=Avi |title=Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist movement and the partition of Palestine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpptAAAAMAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=Clarendon |isbn=978-0-19-827831-3}}
* {{cite web |last=Strovolidou |first=Emilia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cy/2018/07/13/young-palestinian-law-students-long-journey-integration/ |title=A young Palestinian law student's long journey to integration |publisher= UNHCR |location=Cyprus}}
* {{cite book |last=Teitelbaum |first=Joshua |title=The Rise and Fall of the Hashimite Kingdom of Arabia |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=9781850654605 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1A48DWZ2gIC }}
* {{cite book |last=Uzunçarşılı |first=İsmail Hakkı |translator-last=Murād |translator-first=Khalīl ʻAlī |script-title=ar:أشراف مكة المكرمة وأمرائها في العهد العثماني |title=Ashrāf Makkat al-Mukarramah wa-umarāʼihā fī al-ʻahd al-ʻUthmānī |language=ar |date=2003 |publisher=al-Dār al-‘Arabīyah lil-Mawsū‘āt |location=Beirut |edition=1st}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Hashemites}}

{{Jordan topics}}
{{Muslim dynasties in Mashriq region}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:House of Hashim| ]]
[[Category:20th century in Iraq]]
[[Category:Arab dynasties]]
[[Category:Hasanid dynasties]]
[[Category:History of Hejaz]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern royal families|Middle Eastern royal families]]
[[Category:Modern history of Jordan]]
[[Category:Yemeni tribes]]