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Hesperidin

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Not to be confused with hesperadin.
Hesperidin
Names
IUPAC name
(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
Other names
Hesperetin 7-rutinoside[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.536 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C28H34O15/c1-10-21(32)23(34)25(36)27(40-10)39-9-19-22(33)24(35)26(37)28(43-19)41-12-6-14(30)20-15(31)8-17(42-18(20)7-12)11-3-4-16(38-2)13(29)5-11/h3-7,10,17,19,21-30,32-37H,8-9H2,1-2H3/t10-,17-,19+,21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28+/m0/s1 checkY
    Key: QUQPHWDTPGMPEX-QJBIFVCTSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C28H34O15/c1-10-21(32)23(34)25(36)27(40-10)39-9-19-22(33)24(35)26(37)28(43-19)41-12-6-14(30)20-15(31)8-17(42-18(20)7-12)11-3-4-16(38-2)13(29)5-11/h3-7,10,17,19,21-30,32-37H,8-9H2,1-2H3/t10-,17-,19+,21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28+/m0/s1
    Key: QUQPHWDTPGMPEX-QJBIFVCTBQ
  • InChI=1/C28H34O15/c1-10-21(32)23(34)25(36)27(40-10)39-9-19-22(33)24(35)26(37)28(43-19)41-12-6-14(30)20-15(31)8-17(42-18(20)7-12)11-3-4-16(38-2)13(29)5-11/h3-7,10,17,19,21-30,32-37H,8-9H2,1-2H3/t10-,17-,19+,21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28+/m0/s1
    Key: QUQPHWDTPGMPEX-QJBIFVCTBQ
  • O=C4c5c(O)cc(O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)cc5O[C@H](c3ccc(OC)c(O)c3)C4
Properties
C28H34O15
Molar mass 610.565 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits. Its aglycone form is called hesperetin. Its name is derived from the word "hesperidium", for fruit produced by citrus trees.

Hesperidin was first isolated in 1828 by French chemist Lebreton from the white inner layer of citrus peels (mesocarp, albedo).[2]

Hesperidin is believed to play a role in plant defense.

Sources

in Rutaceae
in Lamiaceae

Peppermint also contains hesperidin.[6]

Metabolism

Hesperidin 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-beta-D-glucosidase is an enzyme that uses hesperidin and H2O to produce hesperetin and rutinose. It is found in the hyphomycetes species Stilbella fimetaria.

Research

As a flavanone found in citrus fruits (such as oranges, lemons or pummelo fruits), hesperidin is under laboratory research for possible biological properties.[7][8][9] One area of research is focused on the possible chemopreventive effects of hesperidin,[10] but there is no current proof that hesperidin has this role in human cancer mechanisms. Hesperidin was effective in an animal model of Alzheimer's, alleviating pathological changes induced by aluminum. [11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Inderjit, Dakshini, K. M. (1991). "Hesperetin 7-rutinoside (hesperidin) and taxifolin 3-arabinoside as germination and growth inhibitors in soils associated with the weed, Pluchea lanceolata (DC) C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae)". J Chem Ecol. 17 (8): 1585–91. doi:10.1007/BF00984690. PMID 24257882.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Lebreton (1828). Journal de Pharmacie et de sciences accessories. 14: 377ff. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ "Citrus aurantium L." Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. 6 Oct 2014.
  4. ^ Tringali, C.; Spatafora, C.; Calì, V.; Simmonds, M. S. (2001). "Antifeedant constituents from Fagara macrophylla". Fitoterapia. 72 (5): 538–43. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00265-9. PMID 11429249.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b Peterson, J. J.; Beecher, G. R.; Bhagwat, S. A.; Dwyer, J. T.; Gebhardt, S. E.; Haytowitz, D. B.; Holden, J. M. (2006). "Flavanones in grapefruit, lemons, and limes: A compilation and review of the data from the analytical literature" (PDF). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 19 (Supplement): S74–S80. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2005.12.009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Dolzhenko, Y.; Bertea, C. M.; Occhipinti, A.; Bossi, S.; Maffei, M. E. (2010). "UV-B modulates the interplay between terpenoids and flavonoids in peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.)". Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 100 (2): 67–75. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.003.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Benavente-García, O.; Castillo, J. (2008). "Update on Uses and Properties of Citrus Flavonoids: New Findings in Anticancer, Cardiovascular, and Anti-inflammatory Activity". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (15): 6185–205. doi:10.1021/jf8006568. PMID 18593176.
  8. ^ Hwang, S. L.; Shih, P. H.; Yen, G. C. (2012). "Neuroprotective Effects of Citrus Flavonoids". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60 (4): 877–85. doi:10.1021/jf204452y. PMID 22224368.
  9. ^ Roohbakhsh, A.; Parhiz, H.; Soltani, F.; Rezaee, R.; Iranshahi, M. (2014). "Neuropharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin — A mini-review". Life Sciences. 113 (1–2): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.029. PMID 25109791.
  10. ^ Tanaka, T.; Tanaka, T.; Tanaka, M.; Kuno, T. (2012). "Cancer Chemoprevention by Citrus Pulp and Juices Containing High Amounts of β-Cryptoxanthin and Hesperidin". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2012: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2012/516981. PMC 3228311. PMID 22174562.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ Arokiasamy, Justin (2015). "Neuroprotective effect of hesperidin on aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer's disease in Wistar rats,". Neurochemical Research. 40 (4): 767–776.
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