High-speed railway to Eilat
The High-speed railway to Eilat is a proposed railroad in Israel, that will enable the connection of the main Israeli population centers and Mediterranean ports to the southern city of Eilat on the Red Sea coast. The railway will start in southern Israel, in the Beersheba area, and continue through Dimona to the Arava and Eilat. Its length will be about 260 km of electrified double-track rail (not including the Tel Aviv – Beersheba section, an additional 100 km).
The railway, if built, is expected to serve both passengers and freight. The high-speed passenger service will carry travelers from Tel Aviv to Eilat in two hours or less with one intermediate stop (at the Be'er Sheva North Railway Station), and with a slower service offering from Beersheba to Eilat, stopping at a number of towns and villages in the Arava. The freight service will serve as an alternative to the Suez Canal, allowing countries in Asia to pass goods to Europe through Israel.
Background
Eilat is located far away from Israel's main population centers, yet serves as an important tourist city and has a strategic location as Israel's only access point to the Red Sea.[1][2] Historically it has been connected to the rest of the country with poor transportation infrastructure. Both roads to Eilat—Highway 90 and Road 12—have been the scenes of frequent traffic accidents and in some cases terrorist attacks, though in recent years these roads are finally being upgraded.
Numerous proposals for such a railway were brought up over the years. A line was planned after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, but plans were canceled in 1952 due to security concerns. In 1955, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion again decided to build such a railway, and the French expressed interest in the project, just before the Suez Crisis. The idea was again discussed in the 1960s and 70s, and in the 1980s an Australian fund submitted a concrete proposal for funding the construction (at the time estimated at USD 250 million). The transportation minister Haim Corfu appointed a committee that recommended starting construction immediately. The government again turned to France to develop the railway. In the 1990s and 2000s, various transportation ministers, including Yisrael Keisar, Meir Sheetrit, Avigdor Lieberman and Shaul Mofaz, promised that such a railway would be built as quickly as possible.[3]
In light of the above, developing Eilat had national importance, and in the 2010s the Israeli government decided to promote a major project that would see a new port and airport built in the city, and a railway, upgraded highway and light rail for connectivity.[4] Israeli Middle East expert Guy Bechor wrote that the importance of the project was underestimated, and that it would put Israel back on the global trade map.[5]
Planning and financing
The project is expected to cost NIS 6–8.6 billion, not including rolling stock, electrification and other related costs—which could be up to NIS 30 billion.[4][6][7] Initial planning will cost NIS 150 million and will come out of the Netivei Israel budget (Netivei Israel is a national program to build additional roads and railways).[8] It is estimated that the line would not directly return the investment cost.[3]
In October 2011, Israeli Minister of Transport Yisrael Katz signed a cooperation agreement regarding the railway with his Chinese counterpart.[9] In May 2012, Katz signed a similar agreement with Spain regarding general transportation development, which may involve the railway.[10] He also conducted talks on the subject with the Indian tourism minister.[11] In all, ten countries have taken interest in the project, with Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea and the United States being the other seven.[12]
On February 5, 2012, the Israeli cabinet unanimously approved continuing to pursue the project. There are three possible financing options: Build-operate-transfer, through an agreement with a foreign government, or complete funding by the Israeli government. Transport minister Katz put his support behind a partnership with a foreign government, and the Prime Minister's Office will have the final say.[6] The finance ministry opposes a deal with a foreign government without issuing a tender.[13]
Route
The route to Eilat crosses hundreds of kilometers of rough desert terrain, with frequent elevation changes and the potential for flash floods. This is particularly challenging to high-speed railway construction whose aim is avoid sharp curves along the route. The topographically-challenging nature of the route (and consequently the large investment required) is one of the main reasons the railway hasn't been constructed to date, despite the frequently-expressed desire of various Israeli governments for such a line to be built.
The railway's proposed route can be divided into three parts: Beersheba–Dimona, Dimona – Mount Tzin and Mount Tzin – Eilat. The line would connect to the existing railway to Beersheba which is already double tracked and is planned for electrification but the existing railway between Dimona and Mount Tzin will need to be double-tracked, electrified and upgraded to allow a speed of up to 160 kilometers per hour (99 mph).[14] The project will feature 63 bridges spanning a total of 4.5 kilometers and 9.5 kilometers of tunnels.[15] Four more kilometers of tunnels may be built in the Mount Tzin area to further shorten the route and travel time.[14][16]
The Beersheba–Dimona section is 34 km (21 mi), the Dimona – Mount Tzin section is 54 km (34 mi) and the Arava section is about 170 km (110 mi).[14] The Arava section would run through the natural habitat of halocnemum strobilaceum, a desert plant thought to have been extinct, and was rediscovered in 2012.[17]
A preliminary plan envisioned nine stations in the Arava and Eilat section: from north to south, Hatzeva, Sapir, Paran, Yahel, Yotvata, Timna Airport, Shchoret, Eilat Center and the Port of Eilat.[18]
Technical and service specifications
The railway's route in the Arava will allow a maximum speed of 230 to 300 km/h (140 to 190 mph). The line will be fully electrified and double tracked.[14]
Service may start as early 2018. The passenger service will feature an express and regular service options. The route is being planned such that travel on the express route from the Tel Aviv HaHagana Railway Station to Eilat will take two hours or less.[14] An estimated 3.5 million passengers will use the service every year.[18]
The freight service is expected to transport about 2.5 million tons of chemicals and 140 thousand cars a year for the local market.[18] In addition to the local market, the railway will serve Asian countries that want to transport freight to Europe by serving as a land bridge from the Red to the Mediterranean sea; in that respect it will compete with the Suez Canal.[6] According to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, China and India have expressed interest in the project.[6] On the other hand, Egyptian officials have criticized the project as an alleged attempt to harm the Egyptian economy.[19]
References
- ^ Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (2006). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa – A Historical Encyclopedia. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Elat". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
- ^ a b Hazelcorn, Shahar (February 2, 2012). "From Tel Aviv to Eilat, in Two Hours and 64 Years". Ynet. Retrieved June 2, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ a b Gil, Yasmin (July 18, 2011). "Is This What Will Save the City's Decline? The Prime Minister Assembled Ministerial Committee for Eilat Development". Calcalist. Retrieved April 9, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ Bechor, Guy (February 12, 2012). "From Bombay to Jerusalem". Retrieved June 2, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ a b c d Keinon, Herb (February 5, 2012). "Cabinet Approves Red-Mel Rail Link". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ "Cabinet Unanimously Approves Eilat Railway". Globes. February 5, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ "On Sunday, Tel Aviv – Eilat Line Will Be Brought Before Government for Approval". Port2Port. January 25, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ Petersburg, Ofer (October 23, 2011). "Chinese to Build Railway to Eilat". Ynetnews. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ Hazelcorn, Shahar (May 30, 2012). "Not Just China – Spain Also Wants to Build Railway to Eilat". Ynet. Retrieved June 2, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ Blumenkranz, Zohar (June 25, 2012). "Katz: "In Three Years We Will Double the Number of Tourists Between India and Israel"". TheMarker. Retrieved June 29, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ Dar'el, Yael (August 2, 2012). "Transport Ministry in Contact with Ten Countries for Building Railway to Eilat". nrg Ma'ariv. Retrieved August 3, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ Bassok, Moti; Schmil, Daniel (February 5, 2012). "Israeli Cabinet Approves Construction of High-Speed Train Line Between Tel Aviv and Eilat". Haaretz. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e Hazelcorn, Shahar (November 24, 2010). "Under Consideration: Railway to Eilat at 300 kmph". Ynet. Retrieved June 2, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ "The Railway to Eilat Project Begins". Port2Port. November 23, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ Gutman, Lior (January 9, 2012). "Scoop: Netanyahu Asked to Shorten Travel Time in the Future Line from Eilat to Tel Aviv to Two Hours". Calcalist. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ Ben-David, Amir (April 27, 2012). "Plant Thought to Be Extinct Discovered in South". Ynetnews. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
- ^ a b c Bar-Eli, Avi (November 22, 2010). "The Railway to Eilat – Two and a Half Hours; "The Line Will Serve 3.5 Million Passengers a Year"". TheMarker. Retrieved June 2, 2012. Template:He icon
- ^ "Suez Canal Authority Against Railway Line to Eilat". Port2Port. January 29, 2012. Retrieved June 3, 2012. Template:He icon
External links
- Request for information (RFI) from the Israel Ministry of Transport (PDF)