Hodophobia
| Hodophobia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Fear of travel |
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| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | intense, persistent anxiety with thoughts of travel and/or during travels[1] |
| Duration | persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Separation anxiety, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Major depressive disorder[1] |
| Treatment | Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy[1] |
Hodophobia is an irrational fear, or phobia, of travel.[2][3]
Hodophobia should not be confused with travel aversion.[4][5]
Acute anxiety provoked by travel can be treated with anti-anxiety medication.[6][7] The condition can be treated with exposure therapy, which works better when combined with cognitive behavioral therapy.[6][7]
Signs and symptoms[edit]
People with fear of traveling experience intense, persistent fear or anxiety when they think about traveling and/or during travel.[8][9] They will avoid travel if they can, and the fear, anxiety, and avoidance cause significant distress and impair their ability to function.[8][9]
Related phobias[edit]
- Fear of flying
- Driving phobia
- Fear of trains
- Thalassophobia - phobia of sea travel
- Agoraphobia - fear of leaving safe places
Cause[edit]
The causes of hodophobia and the mechanisms by which it is maintained are often complex, as with many phobias.[8][10]
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis is clinical.[8] It is often difficult to determine if the specific phobia of hodophobia should be the primary diagnosis, or if it is a symptom of a generalized anxiety disorder or another anxiety disorder.[8][11]
Classification[edit]
Hodophobia is a specific phobia as classified in the DSM-5.[12]
Management[edit]
Acute anxiety caused by travel can be treated with anti-anxiety medication.[6][7] The condition can also be treated with exposure therapy which works better when combined with cognitive behavioral therapy.[6][7][13] Relaxation techniques and education can also be helpful in combination with other approaches.[9][13][14]
Society and culture[edit]
Sigmund Freud, the famous neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, confessed in a number of letters that he suffered from fear of travel.[15] He used the term "Reiseangst" for it, which means "travel anxiety" or "fear of travel" in the German language.[16] However Freud's anxiety was not a "true" phobia.[16]
See also[edit]
Other travel-related disorders include:
- Travel sickness in humans
- Transport tetany in animals
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 217–221, 938, ISBN 978-0890425558
- ^ multiple sources
- Sutherland, Stuart (1991-06-18). Macmillan Dictionary of Psychology. pp. 189–190. ISBN 978-0-333-55313-8. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- Comer, Ronald J. (2010). Abnormal psychology (7th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4292-1631-9.
- "Oxford Dictionary: Hodophobia". Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- "FreeDictionary.com: definition of Hodophobia". FreeDictionary.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- "CommonPhobias: Hodophobia". Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- "HealthCentral: Hodophobia". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- "Psychologenie - list of specific phobias". psychologenie.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "healthcentral: Hodophobia - The fear of traveling". healthcentral.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "WebMD_The Fear Factor: Phobias". WebMD. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "EscapeTheIvoryTower: The difference between fear and aversion". EscapeTheIvoryTower.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Huffington Post: You Won't Believe What Could Cure Your Fear of Flying". Huffington Post. 2014-01-06. Archived from the original on 2014-01-10. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d "PsychologyToday: Anti-Anxiety Medication and Flying". Psychology Today. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Singh H, Awayz H, Murali T (2017). An Unusual Case of Phobia: Hodophobia (PDF) (Volume 4, Issue 2, No. 95 ed.). International Journal of Indian Psychology. pp. ISSN:2349-3429 (p). ISBN 978-1-365-84231-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-06-25. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
- ^ a b c "HealthCentral: Hodophobia". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- ^ Bozman, Edward. "CommonPhobias - Hodophobia". Common-Phobias.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
- ^ "From Fear To There: What is hodophobia?". fromfeartothere.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ *"CommonPhobias: Hodophobia". Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2018. *"Theravive: Specific Phobia DSM-5 300.29". Theravive.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2018. *"UPenn: Specific Phobias". www.med.upenn.edu. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ a b "Psycom - specific phobias". psycom.net. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ "Calm Clinic - Introduction to Travel Anxiety: Causes and Cures". www.calmclinic.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ^ Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, Volumes 16-18, p. 73 Archived 2020-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Paul C. Vitz, Sigmund Freud's Christian Unconscious, . 25 Archived 2018-11-19 at the Wayback Machine
External links[edit]
